AU PSYC 304 FINAL EXAM (ALL 3 QUIZZES)
Consider the following statement, "If negative emotions cause aggression, and if
frustration induces negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression." Which
one of the following ways of knowing does this statement illustrate? - Answer -Logic
Determinism is the doctrine that all events: - Answer -Are Caused
The fact that the order in which something occurs is important in establishing a cause
and effect relationship is called: - Answer -Temporal Precedence
Consider the following research title: "Cooperation among nursery school children under
two types of instruction." In this study, the independent variable is: - Answer -Type of
Instruction
At a day care centre, a researcher asks children to list their five favourite toys from most
favourite to least favourite. What level of measurement is represented in this example? -
Answer -Ordinal
An experiment in which the independent variable really caused the change in the
dependent variable is said to be high in __________ validity. - Answer -Internal
Which of the following potential threats to internal validity is a researcher concerned
about when she asks, "Have research participants with extreme scores on the variable
of interest been pre-selected for the study"? - Answer -Regression Effect
A between-subjects experiment is one in which each subject: - Answer -experiences
only one of the conditions.
Role demands are a source of: - Answer -Subject Bias
What is the main purpose of matching? - Answer -to reduce initial differences between
the experimental and control groups on the dependent variable
Do Exercise 1.2: Identify Facts, Laws, and Theory on page 34 of Research Methods. (2
points) - Answer -a.) Identify a statement in the paragraph that refers to theory
"One theory of hunger motivation says that the brain acts as a feedback mechanism,
something like a thermostat, that has a set point, or ideal weight, which our body strives
to maintain."
b.) Identify a statement that may be considered a law and explain how it relates to the
theory.
"rats that are fed a high-fat diet will reduce their weight after they return to their normal
diets"
, This statement builds trust in the theory because it acts like proof that the brain (which
is the rat's brain) does try to maintain an ideal weight when the rat's body weight is
increased.
c.) Identify one statement of fact. How is the fact explained by the theory?
"he remembered that the weight he had put on over Christmas holidays went away after
he returned to college"
This statement is a fact since Juan knows that it is true. This may be explained by
theory as it is an indication that the brain is able to act as a thermostat to maintain a
specific weight. To clarify, when Juan went home for Christmas, his weight increased
above his normal set point in which that was normal to the body. However, when he
returned back to college, Juan's brain worked to bring Juan's weight down to his original
weight. (the weight before Christmas)
Suggest an operational definition for each of the following constructs: (3 points) -
Answer -Aggression
Aggression can be measured by how many times a participant clenches their fist in a
study
Hunger
Hunger can be measured by the amount of times a participant inquires about when food
will be presented in a study during which researchers will not provide lunch until past 12
noon.
Intelligence
Intelligence can be measured using standardized IQ tests
Do Exercise 5.3: Identify Variables, on page 139 of Research Methods. (2 points) -
Answer -a.) What is (are) the independent variable(s)?
Psycholegal knowledge
b.) What were the levels (conditions) of the independent variables?
ONE completion of a university course on psychology and law focusing on jury decision-
making (experiment group)
TWO the course is not taken by the participants (control group)
c.) What is (are) the dependent variable(s)?
The mock jury's decision-making
d.) Which sentence states a hypothesis?
"it was predicted that psycholegal knowledge would enhance juror competence,
motivation, and satisfaction with participation in the legal process"
An educator wanted to test the effects of class period duration on learning of junior-high
students. To keep work at a manageable level, the educator decided to change morning
class period duration from 45 to 90 minutes so that material that was previously covered
in 20 weeks was now covered in 10 weeks. No change was introduced to the afternoon
class periods. In other words, the total amount of class time on any subject remained
unchanged. When the experiment was over, the students were given tests on the
morning and the afternoon material. Test scores for the morning material were much
higher than the scores on the afternoon material. Thus, the educator concluded that
longer class period enhanced learning in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with
Consider the following statement, "If negative emotions cause aggression, and if
frustration induces negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression." Which
one of the following ways of knowing does this statement illustrate? - Answer -Logic
Determinism is the doctrine that all events: - Answer -Are Caused
The fact that the order in which something occurs is important in establishing a cause
and effect relationship is called: - Answer -Temporal Precedence
Consider the following research title: "Cooperation among nursery school children under
two types of instruction." In this study, the independent variable is: - Answer -Type of
Instruction
At a day care centre, a researcher asks children to list their five favourite toys from most
favourite to least favourite. What level of measurement is represented in this example? -
Answer -Ordinal
An experiment in which the independent variable really caused the change in the
dependent variable is said to be high in __________ validity. - Answer -Internal
Which of the following potential threats to internal validity is a researcher concerned
about when she asks, "Have research participants with extreme scores on the variable
of interest been pre-selected for the study"? - Answer -Regression Effect
A between-subjects experiment is one in which each subject: - Answer -experiences
only one of the conditions.
Role demands are a source of: - Answer -Subject Bias
What is the main purpose of matching? - Answer -to reduce initial differences between
the experimental and control groups on the dependent variable
Do Exercise 1.2: Identify Facts, Laws, and Theory on page 34 of Research Methods. (2
points) - Answer -a.) Identify a statement in the paragraph that refers to theory
"One theory of hunger motivation says that the brain acts as a feedback mechanism,
something like a thermostat, that has a set point, or ideal weight, which our body strives
to maintain."
b.) Identify a statement that may be considered a law and explain how it relates to the
theory.
"rats that are fed a high-fat diet will reduce their weight after they return to their normal
diets"
, This statement builds trust in the theory because it acts like proof that the brain (which
is the rat's brain) does try to maintain an ideal weight when the rat's body weight is
increased.
c.) Identify one statement of fact. How is the fact explained by the theory?
"he remembered that the weight he had put on over Christmas holidays went away after
he returned to college"
This statement is a fact since Juan knows that it is true. This may be explained by
theory as it is an indication that the brain is able to act as a thermostat to maintain a
specific weight. To clarify, when Juan went home for Christmas, his weight increased
above his normal set point in which that was normal to the body. However, when he
returned back to college, Juan's brain worked to bring Juan's weight down to his original
weight. (the weight before Christmas)
Suggest an operational definition for each of the following constructs: (3 points) -
Answer -Aggression
Aggression can be measured by how many times a participant clenches their fist in a
study
Hunger
Hunger can be measured by the amount of times a participant inquires about when food
will be presented in a study during which researchers will not provide lunch until past 12
noon.
Intelligence
Intelligence can be measured using standardized IQ tests
Do Exercise 5.3: Identify Variables, on page 139 of Research Methods. (2 points) -
Answer -a.) What is (are) the independent variable(s)?
Psycholegal knowledge
b.) What were the levels (conditions) of the independent variables?
ONE completion of a university course on psychology and law focusing on jury decision-
making (experiment group)
TWO the course is not taken by the participants (control group)
c.) What is (are) the dependent variable(s)?
The mock jury's decision-making
d.) Which sentence states a hypothesis?
"it was predicted that psycholegal knowledge would enhance juror competence,
motivation, and satisfaction with participation in the legal process"
An educator wanted to test the effects of class period duration on learning of junior-high
students. To keep work at a manageable level, the educator decided to change morning
class period duration from 45 to 90 minutes so that material that was previously covered
in 20 weeks was now covered in 10 weeks. No change was introduced to the afternoon
class periods. In other words, the total amount of class time on any subject remained
unchanged. When the experiment was over, the students were given tests on the
morning and the afternoon material. Test scores for the morning material were much
higher than the scores on the afternoon material. Thus, the educator concluded that
longer class period enhanced learning in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with
