Cons 127 Finals Exam Questions And
Answers Already Graded A+
What is latitude and how does it differ from longitude CORRECT ANSWERS Latitude:
angle that describes the N-S position
Longitude: angle that describes the E-W position
Where is the prime meridian CORRECT ANSWERS Greenwich, England - line of 0
degrees longitude
What is a parallel CORRECT ANSWERS circle connecting all locations with a given
latitude
What are the 3 ways the earth's shape can be mathematically defined CORRECT
ANSWERS 1) sphere
2) geoid
3) ellipsoid
What is the only correct representation of the Earth's surface CORRECT ANSWERS
geoid
What is the main difference between an equivalent/conic and conformal/cylindrical
projection CORRECT ANSWERS in conformal, areas of countries/continent are
distorted whereas in equivalent, areas of countries/continents are preserved
Considering the case of Africa and Greenland, describe how map projections might
influence the perspective of the map viewer CORRECT ANSWERS it perpetuates a
very eurocentric view of colonial dominance. africa appears smaller than greenland
despite africa actually being a continent that is larger than N.A/EU
How was a metre first defined and how is it defined now CORRECT ANSWERS
original: "one ten-millionth of the
distance from the equator to the North Pole"
now: "length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of
1/299 792 458 of a second"
What is the name of the unit which is equal to 1000 nm CORRECT ANSWERS
micrometre
Which covers more area, a small or large scale map CORRECT ANSWERS small
,What are two ways scale can be indicated on a map CORRECT ANSWERS 1) graphic
scale (bar)
2) fractional scale (ratio/verbal)
What kind of map scale would be appropriate for representing large countries and/or
continents? CORRECT ANSWERS small scale map (eg. 1:1500000)
What kind of map scale would be appropriate for representing a city neighbourhood
CORRECT ANSWERS large small map (eg. 1:50000)
Name some 3 devices which can measure distances at different scales CORRECT
ANSWERS 1) optical microscope
* uses visible light and system of lenses to magnify small samples
2) electron microscope
* accelerated electrons used as source of illumination
3) telescope
* instruments that aid in observation of remote objects and detects different
electromagnetic radiations
What is the difference between relative and absolute positioning CORRECT ANSWERS
relative = position determined by landmarks/features (eg. dead-reckoning)
absolute = coordinates of a point in space (eg. position fixing)
What is a geodetic marker CORRECT ANSWERS they are number of fixed stations
whose relative and absolute positions are accurately established. These points can then
be used to calculate other points by using
triangulation
In ocean navigation, which is easier to calculate, latitude or longitude. explain why
CORRECT ANSWERS latitude as stars will consistently reach same highest point in
sky and height in sky changes w/ observers latitude
What is the critical measurement to obtain an accurate longitude. are there any
limitations CORRECT ANSWERS time. the accurate measurement of GMT v. time
difference between local time
limitations: no precise way to keep accurate local time on the ship
What is an orbit CORRECT ANSWERS curved path around a celestial object created
from gravitational attraction between two objects
, What are the ways that we can define space CORRECT ANSWERS the density of the
atmosphere
Which type of orbit would be used to monitor weather CORRECT ANSWERS
geostationary orbits
Which type of orbit is used for GPS/GNSS tracking CORRECT ANSWERS far elliptical
orbits
Which orbit is best for getting to and returning from space easily CORRECT ANSWERS
low-earth orbits as they are the closest to earth
Which orbit type are most remote sensing satellites in? why is that the case CORRECT
ANSWERS close elliptical orbits as all satellites travel in groups/swarms to observe E's
atmospheric condition. this allows for us to compare data in different times
Name 3 types of satellites (eg. performing different functions) that use geostationary
orbits CORRECT ANSWERS 1) communication
2) TV
3) weather
What does GNSS stand for? how does it differ from GPS CORRECT ANSWERS global
navigation satellite system (GNSS). GNSS encompasses all 4 types of satellites - GPS
(US), GLONASS (RUSSIA), GALILEO (EU), BEIDOU (CHINA) where as GPS is only
the US
What is the minimum number of satellites needed for an accurate positional location
CORRECT ANSWERS at least 4
What two key types of information are sent by GNSS satellites to receivers that allow for
the determining of position CORRECT ANSWERS 1) ephemeris
2) almanac
Explain the causes of two different types of dilution of position error and how those
errors can be minimized CORRECT ANSWERS 1) obstruction (buildings, mountains,
trees)
2) signals bouncing off buildings/objects
- having an outward antenna, using A-GPS, or using deck reckoning to calculate our
position by using previously determined position, speed, and course
Answers Already Graded A+
What is latitude and how does it differ from longitude CORRECT ANSWERS Latitude:
angle that describes the N-S position
Longitude: angle that describes the E-W position
Where is the prime meridian CORRECT ANSWERS Greenwich, England - line of 0
degrees longitude
What is a parallel CORRECT ANSWERS circle connecting all locations with a given
latitude
What are the 3 ways the earth's shape can be mathematically defined CORRECT
ANSWERS 1) sphere
2) geoid
3) ellipsoid
What is the only correct representation of the Earth's surface CORRECT ANSWERS
geoid
What is the main difference between an equivalent/conic and conformal/cylindrical
projection CORRECT ANSWERS in conformal, areas of countries/continent are
distorted whereas in equivalent, areas of countries/continents are preserved
Considering the case of Africa and Greenland, describe how map projections might
influence the perspective of the map viewer CORRECT ANSWERS it perpetuates a
very eurocentric view of colonial dominance. africa appears smaller than greenland
despite africa actually being a continent that is larger than N.A/EU
How was a metre first defined and how is it defined now CORRECT ANSWERS
original: "one ten-millionth of the
distance from the equator to the North Pole"
now: "length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of
1/299 792 458 of a second"
What is the name of the unit which is equal to 1000 nm CORRECT ANSWERS
micrometre
Which covers more area, a small or large scale map CORRECT ANSWERS small
,What are two ways scale can be indicated on a map CORRECT ANSWERS 1) graphic
scale (bar)
2) fractional scale (ratio/verbal)
What kind of map scale would be appropriate for representing large countries and/or
continents? CORRECT ANSWERS small scale map (eg. 1:1500000)
What kind of map scale would be appropriate for representing a city neighbourhood
CORRECT ANSWERS large small map (eg. 1:50000)
Name some 3 devices which can measure distances at different scales CORRECT
ANSWERS 1) optical microscope
* uses visible light and system of lenses to magnify small samples
2) electron microscope
* accelerated electrons used as source of illumination
3) telescope
* instruments that aid in observation of remote objects and detects different
electromagnetic radiations
What is the difference between relative and absolute positioning CORRECT ANSWERS
relative = position determined by landmarks/features (eg. dead-reckoning)
absolute = coordinates of a point in space (eg. position fixing)
What is a geodetic marker CORRECT ANSWERS they are number of fixed stations
whose relative and absolute positions are accurately established. These points can then
be used to calculate other points by using
triangulation
In ocean navigation, which is easier to calculate, latitude or longitude. explain why
CORRECT ANSWERS latitude as stars will consistently reach same highest point in
sky and height in sky changes w/ observers latitude
What is the critical measurement to obtain an accurate longitude. are there any
limitations CORRECT ANSWERS time. the accurate measurement of GMT v. time
difference between local time
limitations: no precise way to keep accurate local time on the ship
What is an orbit CORRECT ANSWERS curved path around a celestial object created
from gravitational attraction between two objects
, What are the ways that we can define space CORRECT ANSWERS the density of the
atmosphere
Which type of orbit would be used to monitor weather CORRECT ANSWERS
geostationary orbits
Which type of orbit is used for GPS/GNSS tracking CORRECT ANSWERS far elliptical
orbits
Which orbit is best for getting to and returning from space easily CORRECT ANSWERS
low-earth orbits as they are the closest to earth
Which orbit type are most remote sensing satellites in? why is that the case CORRECT
ANSWERS close elliptical orbits as all satellites travel in groups/swarms to observe E's
atmospheric condition. this allows for us to compare data in different times
Name 3 types of satellites (eg. performing different functions) that use geostationary
orbits CORRECT ANSWERS 1) communication
2) TV
3) weather
What does GNSS stand for? how does it differ from GPS CORRECT ANSWERS global
navigation satellite system (GNSS). GNSS encompasses all 4 types of satellites - GPS
(US), GLONASS (RUSSIA), GALILEO (EU), BEIDOU (CHINA) where as GPS is only
the US
What is the minimum number of satellites needed for an accurate positional location
CORRECT ANSWERS at least 4
What two key types of information are sent by GNSS satellites to receivers that allow for
the determining of position CORRECT ANSWERS 1) ephemeris
2) almanac
Explain the causes of two different types of dilution of position error and how those
errors can be minimized CORRECT ANSWERS 1) obstruction (buildings, mountains,
trees)
2) signals bouncing off buildings/objects
- having an outward antenna, using A-GPS, or using deck reckoning to calculate our
position by using previously determined position, speed, and course
