LSIT TEST (Latest Update )
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
2025/26 [GRADE A+]
(i) mathematics, (ii) legal principles, (iii) types of surveys and (iv) survey computations
Know these fo rsure
Scanners - correct answer Laser scanning is a very efficient survey method to reduce
costs
-Surveys are realized by a laser scanner, which allows a fast surveying (scanning) of
landscapes, structures and their furnishings and arrangements as well as
installations.
-Laser scanners are also used for 3D surveys of large components and complex
structures.
-Laser scanning is typically used, for example, for facades, damages and the building's
documentation as well as to perform dimensionally accurate surveys.
-Using the obtained results from the laser scanner, the user is able to create volumes,
surfaces, layouts, sectional views and more. Laser scanning is the optimal method for
the Building Information Modeling (BIM).
-Ex) Remote Sensing
UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems) - correct answer Unmanned aerial systems (UAS)
are being used to change the way data are collected for land surveying.
-By utilizing sensors that provide high-resolution images or light detection and
ranging (LiDAR), or both, on small UAS,
-the systems enable the collection of highly accurate data with a high density of data
points collected.
-By utilizing photogrammetric and LiDAR point clouds, which are very dense sets of
data that represent three-dimensional (3D) objects in space when collected via UAS in
land surveying, more data can be collected in less time.
, LSIT TEST (Latest Update )
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
2025/26 [GRADE A+]
GPS Survey - correct answer The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) uses the
Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, and other space based satellite systems
to measure latitude, longitude, and altitude.
-The AHTD utilizes this system along with ground based control monuments, and
Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) to assist with establishing project
horizontal and vertical project coordinates.
-Ground based receivers and antennas are utilized to collectelectronic radio signals
from the GNSS satellites.
Static GPS surveying - correct answer is a relative positioning technique which
employs two (or more) stationary receivers simultaneously tracking the same
satellites.
-One receiver, the base receiver, is set up over a point with precisely known
coordinates such as a surveymonument.
Fast-static survey - correct answer also known as Rapid Static, is similar in concept
to traditional Static surveys. The difference is the length of time of the GPS
observations. Fast Static observations range from 8-30 minutes.
-The observation times will be based on the site conditions and satellite signals.
RTK (Real Time Kinematic) Survey - correct answer is similar to static observations
with the exception of receiving a real-time differential correction via a radio or cellular
modem from the base station.
-The typical observation times are 15-30 seconds based on site conditions.
OPUS (Online Positioning User Service) - correct answer NOAA's, Online Positioning
User Service (OPUS) provides free access to high-accuracy National Spatial Reference
System (NSRS) coordinates. OPUS uses software which computes coordinates using
the NOAA CORS Network (NCN)
, LSIT TEST (Latest Update )
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
2025/26 [GRADE A+]
Control Survey - correct answer A Land Survey providing precise locations of
horizontal and vertical positions of points for use in boundary determination, mapping
for aerial photographs, construction staking, or other needs.
Horizontal Control Survey - correct answer establishes control for the highway
construction projects.
-Whenever feasible, the horizontal control is based on high-precision static GPS
observations
Vertical Control (elevation) - correct answer The elevation/vertical control network
shall be established from a minimum of two (2) NGS First
or Second Order benchmarks.
-Differential leveling techniques as further defined in this chapter shall be utilized to
establish elevations on the required project control points.
Network (multiple data bases) design - correct answer Control surveys establish a
common, consistent network of physical monuments that are the
basis for the horizontal and vertical location of transportation improvement projects
and
facilities.
-It is the intent of the Surveys Division to maintain a robust statewide control network
with the use of high
precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies and geodetic
leveling.
Control Survey Accuracy Standards - correct answer It is the intent of the AHTD that
all horizontal and vertical control points be established in a
manner to produce the highest accuracy and precision that is possible. However, there
are
practical limits to accuracy and precision. The surveyor shall make and reduce
measurements,
perform a properly constrained least-squares adjustment, and report the positional
accuracy for
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
2025/26 [GRADE A+]
(i) mathematics, (ii) legal principles, (iii) types of surveys and (iv) survey computations
Know these fo rsure
Scanners - correct answer Laser scanning is a very efficient survey method to reduce
costs
-Surveys are realized by a laser scanner, which allows a fast surveying (scanning) of
landscapes, structures and their furnishings and arrangements as well as
installations.
-Laser scanners are also used for 3D surveys of large components and complex
structures.
-Laser scanning is typically used, for example, for facades, damages and the building's
documentation as well as to perform dimensionally accurate surveys.
-Using the obtained results from the laser scanner, the user is able to create volumes,
surfaces, layouts, sectional views and more. Laser scanning is the optimal method for
the Building Information Modeling (BIM).
-Ex) Remote Sensing
UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems) - correct answer Unmanned aerial systems (UAS)
are being used to change the way data are collected for land surveying.
-By utilizing sensors that provide high-resolution images or light detection and
ranging (LiDAR), or both, on small UAS,
-the systems enable the collection of highly accurate data with a high density of data
points collected.
-By utilizing photogrammetric and LiDAR point clouds, which are very dense sets of
data that represent three-dimensional (3D) objects in space when collected via UAS in
land surveying, more data can be collected in less time.
, LSIT TEST (Latest Update )
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
2025/26 [GRADE A+]
GPS Survey - correct answer The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) uses the
Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, and other space based satellite systems
to measure latitude, longitude, and altitude.
-The AHTD utilizes this system along with ground based control monuments, and
Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) to assist with establishing project
horizontal and vertical project coordinates.
-Ground based receivers and antennas are utilized to collectelectronic radio signals
from the GNSS satellites.
Static GPS surveying - correct answer is a relative positioning technique which
employs two (or more) stationary receivers simultaneously tracking the same
satellites.
-One receiver, the base receiver, is set up over a point with precisely known
coordinates such as a surveymonument.
Fast-static survey - correct answer also known as Rapid Static, is similar in concept
to traditional Static surveys. The difference is the length of time of the GPS
observations. Fast Static observations range from 8-30 minutes.
-The observation times will be based on the site conditions and satellite signals.
RTK (Real Time Kinematic) Survey - correct answer is similar to static observations
with the exception of receiving a real-time differential correction via a radio or cellular
modem from the base station.
-The typical observation times are 15-30 seconds based on site conditions.
OPUS (Online Positioning User Service) - correct answer NOAA's, Online Positioning
User Service (OPUS) provides free access to high-accuracy National Spatial Reference
System (NSRS) coordinates. OPUS uses software which computes coordinates using
the NOAA CORS Network (NCN)
, LSIT TEST (Latest Update )
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
2025/26 [GRADE A+]
Control Survey - correct answer A Land Survey providing precise locations of
horizontal and vertical positions of points for use in boundary determination, mapping
for aerial photographs, construction staking, or other needs.
Horizontal Control Survey - correct answer establishes control for the highway
construction projects.
-Whenever feasible, the horizontal control is based on high-precision static GPS
observations
Vertical Control (elevation) - correct answer The elevation/vertical control network
shall be established from a minimum of two (2) NGS First
or Second Order benchmarks.
-Differential leveling techniques as further defined in this chapter shall be utilized to
establish elevations on the required project control points.
Network (multiple data bases) design - correct answer Control surveys establish a
common, consistent network of physical monuments that are the
basis for the horizontal and vertical location of transportation improvement projects
and
facilities.
-It is the intent of the Surveys Division to maintain a robust statewide control network
with the use of high
precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies and geodetic
leveling.
Control Survey Accuracy Standards - correct answer It is the intent of the AHTD that
all horizontal and vertical control points be established in a
manner to produce the highest accuracy and precision that is possible. However, there
are
practical limits to accuracy and precision. The surveyor shall make and reduce
measurements,
perform a properly constrained least-squares adjustment, and report the positional
accuracy for
