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Zusammenfassung Genetik

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GENETIK

,INHALT
Meiose ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Stammbaumanalyse ................................................................................................................. 2
Die Mendelschen Regeln .......................................................................................................... 3
die Erbsubstanz ......................................................................................................................... 4
Bau & Sturktur von Nukleinsäuren ................................................................................... 4
Bau des DNA -& RNA-Moleküls ......................................................................................... 4
Replikation ................................................................................................................................ 5
der genetische Code ................................................................................................................. 6
Proteinbiosynthese................................................................................................................... 7
Transkription ................................................................................................................. 7
Prozess des Spleißens bei Eukaryoten ........................................................................ 8
Translation ..................................................................................................................... 9
Vergleich Proteinbiosynthese bei Pro -& Eukaryoten ................................................10
Genregulation .......................................................................................................................... 11
Prokaryoten .................................................................................................................. 11
Eukaryoten................................................................................................................12/13
Mutationen ............................................................................................................................... 14
Werkzeuge & Verfahrensschritte der Gentechnologie ........................................................ 14
Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion (PCR) ............................................................................14
Elektrophorese .............................................................................................................14
genetischer Fingerabdruck .......................................................................................... 15
Genübertragung mittels Vektoren ..............................................................................16

, MEIOSE




PROPHASE 1: Chromosomen in
Form von homologen Zwei- ANAPHASE 1: werden so verteilt,
TELOPHASE 1: Zellen trennen
Chromatid-Chromosomen METAPHASE 1: Zwei-Chromatid- dass von jedem Paar Zwei-
sich: jede Tochterzelle enthält
- lagern sich zusammen Chromosomen ordnen sich in Chromatid-Chromosomen ein
Zwei-Chromatid-Chromosomen
- Crossing-over Äquatorialebene an Exemplar zu jeweils einem Pol
vom Vater und der Mutter
(intrachromosomale wandert; zufällig
Rekombination)




TELOPHASE 2 : 4 haploide
PROPHASE 2: Zwei-Chromatid- ANAPHASE 2: Zwei-Chromatid-
METAPHASE 2: Anordnung in Tochterzellen mit
Chromosomen wandern zur Chromosomen werden getrennt;
eine Ebene unterschiedlichen
Zellmitte je eines wandert zum Pol
Erbinformationen




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