FOUNDATIONS ACTUAL EXAMINATION TEST
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ What is a packet? Answer: Information sent on the Internet
◉ What does an IP address represent? Answer: A computer's unique
address on the Internet
◉ What is the format of a typical IP address? Answer: 32 bits divided
into four 8-bit groups
◉ What is IPv4? Answer: The original Internet Protocol with 32-bit
addresses
◉ What is IPv6? Answer: A new version of Internet Protocol with 128-
bit addresses
◉ What does DNS stand for? Answer: Domain Name Server
,◉ What are root servers? Answer: Thirteen main DNS servers in the
world
◉ What is a domain name registrar? Answer: Services that allow domain
name registration
◉ What is a domain name? Answer: A name for an IP address
◉ What does TLD stand for? Answer: Top-level Domains
◉ Give examples of TLDs. Answer: .com, .net, .org, .edu, .gov
◉ What does ccTLD stand for? Answer: Country Code Top-Level
Domain
◉ Give examples of ccTLDs. Answer: .uk (United Kingdom), .us
(United States), .ru (Russia)
◉ What does SLD stand for? Answer: Second-Level Domain
◉ What is an example of an SLD? Answer: 'wikipedia' in wikipedia.org
◉ What does TLD stand for? Answer: Third-Level Domain
, ◉ What is an example of a TLD? Answer: 'www' in www.stanford.edu
◉ What does URL stand for? Answer: Uniform Resource Locator
◉ What is a URL? Answer: The location of a web resource, such as
http://www.google.com
◉ What is a scheme in a URL? Answer: Characters at the beginning of a
URL followed by a colon (:) or a colon and double slashes (://)
◉ Give examples of common schemes. Answer: http, https, mailto, file
◉ What is a hostname in a URL? Answer: The complete domain name
following the scheme in a URL
◉ What is a path in a URL? Answer: The characters to the right of the
hostname in a URL
◉ What is a query string in a URL? Answer: Optional characters to the
right of the question mark (?) in a URL that provide data for the web
server