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Cog Sci C100 Intro, Cog Sci C100 Midterm
1, Cog Sci C100 Readings Questions and
Correct Answers
cognition Ans: mental activity - the acquisition, storage,
transformation, and use of knowledge
As humans, we are cognitive beings who Ans: • Acquire
information about the world around us
• Integrate that information with prior knowledge from our stored
memory
• Store that knowledge in our memory so we can use it later to
help us achieve our goals
Pollak (Cog_2Perception) Ans: Early experience is associated with
the development of categorical representations for facial
expressions of emotion
Abstract:
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- An issue in human development concerns how the infant's ability
to recognize emotional signals is acquired through both biological
programming and learning factors
- It's hard to investigate bc everyone is so different, so they
studied it with children who had been abused
- they found that the social experiences of abuse was associated
with a change in children's perceptual preferences and also altered
the discriminative abilities that influence how children categorize
angry facial expressions can influence perceptual representations
of basic emotions
Results:
- both abused and control groups of children showed a clear shift
in identification of emotion
- for two continua involving anger, the estimated category
boundaries for the control group were lower than predicted, and
those who were abused had higher estimates
- abused children over-identified anger
- point at which 2 groups of children placed their category
boundaries for facial expressions differed, with abused children
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, 3 | Page
displaying a boundary shift for perceptual categories of anger
relative to non-maltreated children
In summary:
- abused children displayed equivalent category boundaries to
controls when discriminating continua of happiness blended into
fear and sadness
History of Cognitive Psychology Ans: Attempts to understand the
mind go back at least to the ancient greeks.
- Discovered laws of learning and memory, e.g, method of loci
-Described human thinking in terms of mechanical manipulation
of symbols
Study of mind remained province of philosophy until 19th century
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First Step in the process of acquiring knowledge about the world
involves: Ans: Sensation and Perception
Sarkamo (Cog_2Perception) Ans: Music perception and cognition:
Development, neural basis, and rehabilitative use of music
Abstract:
- current evidence suggests that music based rehabilitation can be
effective in many developmental, psychiatric, and neurological
disorders, such as autism, depression, schizophrenia, and stroke,
as well as many chronic somatic illnesses that cause pain and
anxiety
Conclusion:
- musical activities ranging from simple music listening to signing
and playing a musical instrument, have diverse positive effects on
the structure of the brain
- during infancy and early childhood, music can support speech
development
© 2025 All rights reserved
Cog Sci C100 Intro, Cog Sci C100 Midterm
1, Cog Sci C100 Readings Questions and
Correct Answers
cognition Ans: mental activity - the acquisition, storage,
transformation, and use of knowledge
As humans, we are cognitive beings who Ans: • Acquire
information about the world around us
• Integrate that information with prior knowledge from our stored
memory
• Store that knowledge in our memory so we can use it later to
help us achieve our goals
Pollak (Cog_2Perception) Ans: Early experience is associated with
the development of categorical representations for facial
expressions of emotion
Abstract:
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
- An issue in human development concerns how the infant's ability
to recognize emotional signals is acquired through both biological
programming and learning factors
- It's hard to investigate bc everyone is so different, so they
studied it with children who had been abused
- they found that the social experiences of abuse was associated
with a change in children's perceptual preferences and also altered
the discriminative abilities that influence how children categorize
angry facial expressions can influence perceptual representations
of basic emotions
Results:
- both abused and control groups of children showed a clear shift
in identification of emotion
- for two continua involving anger, the estimated category
boundaries for the control group were lower than predicted, and
those who were abused had higher estimates
- abused children over-identified anger
- point at which 2 groups of children placed their category
boundaries for facial expressions differed, with abused children
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
displaying a boundary shift for perceptual categories of anger
relative to non-maltreated children
In summary:
- abused children displayed equivalent category boundaries to
controls when discriminating continua of happiness blended into
fear and sadness
History of Cognitive Psychology Ans: Attempts to understand the
mind go back at least to the ancient greeks.
- Discovered laws of learning and memory, e.g, method of loci
-Described human thinking in terms of mechanical manipulation
of symbols
Study of mind remained province of philosophy until 19th century
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
First Step in the process of acquiring knowledge about the world
involves: Ans: Sensation and Perception
Sarkamo (Cog_2Perception) Ans: Music perception and cognition:
Development, neural basis, and rehabilitative use of music
Abstract:
- current evidence suggests that music based rehabilitation can be
effective in many developmental, psychiatric, and neurological
disorders, such as autism, depression, schizophrenia, and stroke,
as well as many chronic somatic illnesses that cause pain and
anxiety
Conclusion:
- musical activities ranging from simple music listening to signing
and playing a musical instrument, have diverse positive effects on
the structure of the brain
- during infancy and early childhood, music can support speech
development
© 2025 All rights reserved
