This document is a fully solved exam review covering Chapters 5 and 6 of Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care textbook, tailored for the 2025/2026 academic year. It includes over 100 accurately answered questions and definitions to support nursing assistant students preparing for CNA, LNA, and related certification exams across the U.S.
Chapter 5 focuses on cognitive and memory-related disorders, including:
– Confusion, delirium, and cognitive impairment
– Dementia types: Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body, Parkinson’s, and vascular dementia
– Alzheimer’s symptoms, progression, gender and racial disparities, and causes
– Behavioral responses: agitation, sundowning, catastrophic reactions, hallucinations, and elopement
– Non-pharmacological care techniques: validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, activity therapy
– NA responsibilities in communication, emotional support, and routine reinforcement
Chapter 6 emphasizes personal care, hygiene, skin care, and positioning, including:
– AM and PM care routines, ADLs, oral hygiene, grooming, bathing, and shaving procedures
– Pressure injuries: stages, risk areas (bony prominences), prevention techniques, and devices (draw sheets, abduction pillows, orthoses)
– Resident positioning and movement: supine, prone, Fowler’s, Sims’, logrolling, and use of gait belts and mechanical lifts
– Transfer techniques and fall management
– Foot care, nail care, lice prevention, IV care precautions, and infection control
This document is ideal for:
– CNA and LNA students in U.S. nursing assistant programs
– Learners preparing for state certification exams (including NATCEP)
– Nursing school foundations courses, health occupations, or pre-nursing tracks
– Instructors and tutoring centers offering exam prep and workbook-based quizzes
With clear and clinically relevant content, this guide strengthens both theory understanding and applied knowledge for exam performance and safe patient care.
Keywords:
CNA exam prep, dementia care, Alzheimer’s disease, ADLs, bathing procedure, hygiene skills, personal care assistant, pressure ulcers, wound staging, skin care, patient positioning, infection prevention, gait belt use, mechanical lift, nursing assistant quiz, Hartman textbook, cognitive impairment, elderly care, validation therapy, CNA certification
Content preview
Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care
Chapter 5 and 6 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Solved
confusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the inability to think clearly
Sudden or gradual
Most common in elderly
Causes- UTI, low blood sugar, nutrition, seizures
delirium - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔State of severe confusion occurs suddenly and
temporarily
Causes- infections, disease, imbalance, poor nutrition
cognition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the ability to think logically and clearly
Cognitive impairment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔loss of ability to think logically;
concentration and memory are affected
,Dementia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔General term referring to a serious loss of
mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and
communicating
Progression leads to loss of ADLs
Is dementia a normal part of aging? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No
Common causes of dementia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alzheimer's, vascular
dementia( multiple strokes), Lewy body, Parkinson's, Huntington
What is the most common cause of dementia? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Alzheimer's disease
How many people in America have Alzheimer's? What fraction of these
people are 65 and older? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔5.5 million; 1/10
What gender is more likely to have Alzheimer's and dementia? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Women
What race is two times more likely to get Alzheimer's than older whites?
Hispanics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔African American; 1.5 times
Alzheimer's disease - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Tangled nerve fibers and protein
deposits to form in brain
, 4-20 years
Gradual symptoms beginning with memory loss to loss of ability
Majority dependent on others
Only sure way to determine Alzheimer's - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Autopsy
preservation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Repeating the same word or phrase in
response to different questions
Do you treat Alzheimer's like kids? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No
NAs procedure for personal care and ADLs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Develop
routine and stick with it
Promote self care
Take care of themselves
Agitation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a state of anxiety or nervous excitement
Usually by a trigger
Sundowning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔becoming restless and agitated in the late
afternoon, evening, or night
Caused by hunger, fatigue, change
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED