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NSNE 7100 Final Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
When is the maternal-placental-embryonic circulation in place and the
fetal heart starts beating?
Ans: day 17
Is the placenta a barrier?
Ans: No, its a "sieve".
Some substances can cross, others can't.
What 4 hormones does the placenta secrete?
Ans: -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
-human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)
-estrogen
-progesterone
What are the 4 metabolic functions of the placenta?
Ans: respiration, nutrition, excretion, and storage.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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Marnie stopped using birth control 3 months ago. This month instead
of her normal period she experienced just a small amount of spotting.
What might the cause of this spotting be?
Ans: Implantation bleeding
What does the umbilical cord consist of?
Ans: 1 vein and 2 arteries (AVA)
What is the function of Wharton's jelly?
Ans: protects the cord vessels from compression.
What are are the two fetal membranes that surround the developing
embryo and fetus throughout pregnancy?
Ans: The chorion and amnion
What are the chorion and amnion? What is their purpose?
Ans: Amnion = inner membrane that surrounds fetus.
Chorion = outer membrane.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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The 2 membranes adhere to form the fetal sac full of amniotic
fluid.
What is the function of the "fetal sac"?
Ans: Protects fetus from ascending infection during pregnancy
What is oligohydramnios? What does this mean for baby?
Ans: too little amniotic fluid (less than 300mL in 3rd trimester).
It is associated with fetal renal anomalies and growth
restriction.
What is polyhydramnios? What does this mean for baby?
Ans: Too much amniotic fluid (2L or more).
It is associated with neural tube defects, gastrointestinal or
other fetal anomalies.
What are the characteristics of normal amniotic fluid?
Ans: clear, pale straw-colored, and has a characteristic odor
that is neither foul smelling nor like urine.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
When does the embryo's heart start beating, and when is the placenta
structurally complete?
Ans: Heart = Day 17
Placenta = 12th week
What four hormones does the placenta produce and how do they
function?
Ans: Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) = preserves the
function of the corpus luteum
Human placental lactogen (hPL) = stimulates maternal
metabolism, increases maternal resistance to insulin, facilitates
glucose transport across placenta, stimulates breast
development
Progesterone =maintains endometrium, decreases contractility
of the uterus, stimulates development of breast alveoli,
stimulates maternal metabolism
Estrogen = stimulates uterine growth and uteroplacental blood
flow, causes proliferation of breast glandular tissue
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
NSNE 7100 Final Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
When is the maternal-placental-embryonic circulation in place and the
fetal heart starts beating?
Ans: day 17
Is the placenta a barrier?
Ans: No, its a "sieve".
Some substances can cross, others can't.
What 4 hormones does the placenta secrete?
Ans: -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
-human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)
-estrogen
-progesterone
What are the 4 metabolic functions of the placenta?
Ans: respiration, nutrition, excretion, and storage.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Marnie stopped using birth control 3 months ago. This month instead
of her normal period she experienced just a small amount of spotting.
What might the cause of this spotting be?
Ans: Implantation bleeding
What does the umbilical cord consist of?
Ans: 1 vein and 2 arteries (AVA)
What is the function of Wharton's jelly?
Ans: protects the cord vessels from compression.
What are are the two fetal membranes that surround the developing
embryo and fetus throughout pregnancy?
Ans: The chorion and amnion
What are the chorion and amnion? What is their purpose?
Ans: Amnion = inner membrane that surrounds fetus.
Chorion = outer membrane.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
The 2 membranes adhere to form the fetal sac full of amniotic
fluid.
What is the function of the "fetal sac"?
Ans: Protects fetus from ascending infection during pregnancy
What is oligohydramnios? What does this mean for baby?
Ans: too little amniotic fluid (less than 300mL in 3rd trimester).
It is associated with fetal renal anomalies and growth
restriction.
What is polyhydramnios? What does this mean for baby?
Ans: Too much amniotic fluid (2L or more).
It is associated with neural tube defects, gastrointestinal or
other fetal anomalies.
What are the characteristics of normal amniotic fluid?
Ans: clear, pale straw-colored, and has a characteristic odor
that is neither foul smelling nor like urine.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
When does the embryo's heart start beating, and when is the placenta
structurally complete?
Ans: Heart = Day 17
Placenta = 12th week
What four hormones does the placenta produce and how do they
function?
Ans: Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) = preserves the
function of the corpus luteum
Human placental lactogen (hPL) = stimulates maternal
metabolism, increases maternal resistance to insulin, facilitates
glucose transport across placenta, stimulates breast
development
Progesterone =maintains endometrium, decreases contractility
of the uterus, stimulates development of breast alveoli,
stimulates maternal metabolism
Estrogen = stimulates uterine growth and uteroplacental blood
flow, causes proliferation of breast glandular tissue
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
