NSG 3600 Peds Exam 2 EXAM QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026 RATED A+
Congestive Heart Failure Etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Inability of the heart to perform is
function of moving blood forward. Caused by CHD, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki's.
Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms for Baby - CORRECT ANSWERS Poor feed, poor
growth, irritability, shortness of air, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema (puffy legs and feet). The
child uses a lot of energy in feeding so they can get tired which causes poor feeding.
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment/Interventions - CORRECT ANSWERS Monitor Vital signs,
keep the child comfortable, oxygenation when needed. Give medications (Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme -ACE- Inhibitor (Captopril) Vasodilation, Cardiac Glycoside (Digoxin), Loop Diuretic
(Furosemide)).
What is important information to know about Digoxin? - CORRECT ANSWERS Makes the heart
pump harder so we need to make sure we DO NOT give this medication if their heart rate is less than 90
in infant OR 70 in child. Toxicity of this drug can cause bradycardia and NV.
What is important information we need to know about Furosemide when it comes to Congestive Heart
Failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS We need to watch the potassium levels when it comes to this
drug. If the levels begin to decrease the digoxin levels will increase causing toxicity.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - CORRECT ANSWERS Simple defect of the atria results when the two
septae fail to overlap properly. Will occur in the second intercostal space and is on the LEFT side. Sound
will either be blowing or very harsh. These kids will be surgery due to their defect not closing on its own.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWERS MOST COMMON! Defect of the
ventricles when the two septae fail to overlap properly. Is in the lower intercostal space. You can feel it
,with your hand. The spleen and liver will be enlarged due to extra blood flow. The sound will be very
harsh sounding.
Treatment for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Watch for spontaneous closure, surgical repair, monitor vitals signs, watch for bleeding tamponade or
migration of the device (chest pain, sudden decrease in BP, palpation) Watch oxygenation and do
congestive heart failure management.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWERS In utero, the shunt serves the purpose to
bypass the lungs. The ducts starts to close usually within 48 hours but can take as long as 1 year. If the
whole is too large we would need to patch it. This causes blood to go into the lungs that is not
oxygenated.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS Harsh murmur-
Left subconfiural margin sound machine like and depends on the side of the defect. The smaller it is the
louder it is. Systolic is higher and the Diastolic gets lower. Frequent colds, susceptible to RSV, poor
feeding/poor growth pattern.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Therapeutic Management - CORRECT ANSWERS Medical care
is usually closure by surgery or a transcatheter device. Postop measures are wound care, monitoring
vital signs, hydration/nutrition.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Malformation of the pulmonary
artery or pulmonic valve. Increase workload on right ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS These kids could have their
valve replace. If any of these kids have oxygen issues while on wall oxygen there are more issues and
other problems.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Therapeutic Management - CORRECT ANSWERS Reducing stressful
situations that may cause high blood pressure. Angioplasty or valvulopasty.
, Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Malformation and narrowing in the
aorta or around the aortic valve. Kids can pass out from overexertion and can cause heart failure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS A narrowing or constriction of
the descending aorta distal to the carotid arteries. Decrease blood pressure and decrease pulses in
lower part of the lower body. Which makes the upper body have bounding and high pressure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS Murmur, Signs of
Congestive Heart Failure, pain in the legs or cyanotic lower extremities, increase pressure to head and
upper extremities, decrease pressure to lower extremities (cold and hard to perfused)
Coarctation of the Aorta: Therapeutic Management - CORRECT ANSWERS Surgery-Nursing care
consist of post op management.
Cardiac Cath- angioplasty and valvuloplasty.
Captopril (Capoten) or enalapril (Vasotec). Can also give Digoxin and Lasix.
Tricuspid Atresia: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Caused by an error in the formation if
the tricuspid valve. As a single defect this condition is incompatible with life. Most children born with TA
also have ASD or VSD. The deoxygenated blood must reach the pulmonary bed to sustain life. SINGLE
DEFECT where the deoxygenated blood never reaches the lungs which means its impossible for these
kids to survive.
When is a tricuspid atresia found? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is found in prenatal visit at 20 weeks
(child will have surgery right after birth) If not found or caught the baby will turn blue and the baby will
need surgery right away to see where the issue is.
Tricuspid Atresia: Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS Cyanosis-a bluish discoloration
of the skin resulting from poor circulation
Tachycardia-a rapid heartbeat
Dyspnea-difficult or labored breathing.
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026 RATED A+
Congestive Heart Failure Etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Inability of the heart to perform is
function of moving blood forward. Caused by CHD, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki's.
Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms for Baby - CORRECT ANSWERS Poor feed, poor
growth, irritability, shortness of air, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema (puffy legs and feet). The
child uses a lot of energy in feeding so they can get tired which causes poor feeding.
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment/Interventions - CORRECT ANSWERS Monitor Vital signs,
keep the child comfortable, oxygenation when needed. Give medications (Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme -ACE- Inhibitor (Captopril) Vasodilation, Cardiac Glycoside (Digoxin), Loop Diuretic
(Furosemide)).
What is important information to know about Digoxin? - CORRECT ANSWERS Makes the heart
pump harder so we need to make sure we DO NOT give this medication if their heart rate is less than 90
in infant OR 70 in child. Toxicity of this drug can cause bradycardia and NV.
What is important information we need to know about Furosemide when it comes to Congestive Heart
Failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS We need to watch the potassium levels when it comes to this
drug. If the levels begin to decrease the digoxin levels will increase causing toxicity.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - CORRECT ANSWERS Simple defect of the atria results when the two
septae fail to overlap properly. Will occur in the second intercostal space and is on the LEFT side. Sound
will either be blowing or very harsh. These kids will be surgery due to their defect not closing on its own.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWERS MOST COMMON! Defect of the
ventricles when the two septae fail to overlap properly. Is in the lower intercostal space. You can feel it
,with your hand. The spleen and liver will be enlarged due to extra blood flow. The sound will be very
harsh sounding.
Treatment for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Watch for spontaneous closure, surgical repair, monitor vitals signs, watch for bleeding tamponade or
migration of the device (chest pain, sudden decrease in BP, palpation) Watch oxygenation and do
congestive heart failure management.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWERS In utero, the shunt serves the purpose to
bypass the lungs. The ducts starts to close usually within 48 hours but can take as long as 1 year. If the
whole is too large we would need to patch it. This causes blood to go into the lungs that is not
oxygenated.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS Harsh murmur-
Left subconfiural margin sound machine like and depends on the side of the defect. The smaller it is the
louder it is. Systolic is higher and the Diastolic gets lower. Frequent colds, susceptible to RSV, poor
feeding/poor growth pattern.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Therapeutic Management - CORRECT ANSWERS Medical care
is usually closure by surgery or a transcatheter device. Postop measures are wound care, monitoring
vital signs, hydration/nutrition.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Malformation of the pulmonary
artery or pulmonic valve. Increase workload on right ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS These kids could have their
valve replace. If any of these kids have oxygen issues while on wall oxygen there are more issues and
other problems.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Therapeutic Management - CORRECT ANSWERS Reducing stressful
situations that may cause high blood pressure. Angioplasty or valvulopasty.
, Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Malformation and narrowing in the
aorta or around the aortic valve. Kids can pass out from overexertion and can cause heart failure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS A narrowing or constriction of
the descending aorta distal to the carotid arteries. Decrease blood pressure and decrease pulses in
lower part of the lower body. Which makes the upper body have bounding and high pressure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS Murmur, Signs of
Congestive Heart Failure, pain in the legs or cyanotic lower extremities, increase pressure to head and
upper extremities, decrease pressure to lower extremities (cold and hard to perfused)
Coarctation of the Aorta: Therapeutic Management - CORRECT ANSWERS Surgery-Nursing care
consist of post op management.
Cardiac Cath- angioplasty and valvuloplasty.
Captopril (Capoten) or enalapril (Vasotec). Can also give Digoxin and Lasix.
Tricuspid Atresia: Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS Caused by an error in the formation if
the tricuspid valve. As a single defect this condition is incompatible with life. Most children born with TA
also have ASD or VSD. The deoxygenated blood must reach the pulmonary bed to sustain life. SINGLE
DEFECT where the deoxygenated blood never reaches the lungs which means its impossible for these
kids to survive.
When is a tricuspid atresia found? - CORRECT ANSWERS It is found in prenatal visit at 20 weeks
(child will have surgery right after birth) If not found or caught the baby will turn blue and the baby will
need surgery right away to see where the issue is.
Tricuspid Atresia: Clinical Manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS Cyanosis-a bluish discoloration
of the skin resulting from poor circulation
Tachycardia-a rapid heartbeat
Dyspnea-difficult or labored breathing.
