Epigenetics in Human Genetics
Questions and answers
CpG islands - ✅✅Regions of DNA affecting gene expression and structure
Methyl cytosine - ✅✅DNA modification with added CH3 group
Promoter region - ✅✅DNA section before a gene, containing CpG islands
Transcriptional factors - ✅✅Proteins binding to CG residues, regulating gene activity
DNA methylation - ✅✅Process adding methyl groups to DNA, controlling gene expression
DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B - ✅✅Enzymes maintaining DNA methylation during cell division
MeCP2 - ✅✅Protein binding methylated DNA, regulating gene expression
Rett syndrome - ✅✅Neurological disorder linked to MeCP2 gene mutation
Histone modification - ✅✅Altering histones to regulate gene expression and chromosome structure
Histone acetylation - ✅✅Adding acetyl groups to histones, influencing gene activation
Histone deacetylases - ✅✅Enzymes inhibiting histone acetylation, leading to gene deactivation
Epigenetic control - ✅✅Regulation of gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modification,
and RNA interactions
Non-coding RNAs - ✅✅RNA not encoding proteins, regulating gene expression
X-chromosome inactivation - ✅✅Process silencing one X chromosome in females to balance gene
expression
Barr body - ✅✅Condensed X chromosome inactivated during X-chromosome inactivation
Xist RNA - ✅✅Long non-coding RNA involved in X-chromosome inactivation
Tsix RNA - ✅✅RNA suppressing Xist RNA, regulating X-chromosome inactivation
Polycomb repressor complex - ✅✅Genes causing histone methylation in X-chromosome inactivation
Type 2 diabetes - ✅✅Disease involving over 240 miRNAs, affecting pancreatic islet cells
Telomere length - ✅✅Impacts ageing and epigenetic changes in the genome
Epigenetic drugs - ✅✅Medications influencing epigenetic processes in cancer and diseases
Questions and answers
CpG islands - ✅✅Regions of DNA affecting gene expression and structure
Methyl cytosine - ✅✅DNA modification with added CH3 group
Promoter region - ✅✅DNA section before a gene, containing CpG islands
Transcriptional factors - ✅✅Proteins binding to CG residues, regulating gene activity
DNA methylation - ✅✅Process adding methyl groups to DNA, controlling gene expression
DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B - ✅✅Enzymes maintaining DNA methylation during cell division
MeCP2 - ✅✅Protein binding methylated DNA, regulating gene expression
Rett syndrome - ✅✅Neurological disorder linked to MeCP2 gene mutation
Histone modification - ✅✅Altering histones to regulate gene expression and chromosome structure
Histone acetylation - ✅✅Adding acetyl groups to histones, influencing gene activation
Histone deacetylases - ✅✅Enzymes inhibiting histone acetylation, leading to gene deactivation
Epigenetic control - ✅✅Regulation of gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modification,
and RNA interactions
Non-coding RNAs - ✅✅RNA not encoding proteins, regulating gene expression
X-chromosome inactivation - ✅✅Process silencing one X chromosome in females to balance gene
expression
Barr body - ✅✅Condensed X chromosome inactivated during X-chromosome inactivation
Xist RNA - ✅✅Long non-coding RNA involved in X-chromosome inactivation
Tsix RNA - ✅✅RNA suppressing Xist RNA, regulating X-chromosome inactivation
Polycomb repressor complex - ✅✅Genes causing histone methylation in X-chromosome inactivation
Type 2 diabetes - ✅✅Disease involving over 240 miRNAs, affecting pancreatic islet cells
Telomere length - ✅✅Impacts ageing and epigenetic changes in the genome
Epigenetic drugs - ✅✅Medications influencing epigenetic processes in cancer and diseases
