Epigenetics in Human Development and
Disease Questions and answers
Epigenetics - ✅✅Study of gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration.
DNA Methylation - ✅✅Attachment of methyl groups to cytosines in DNA.
CpG Dinucleotides - ✅✅Cytosines followed by guanines where methylation occurs.
Histone Modification - ✅✅Chemical changes to histones affecting gene expression.
Noncoding RNAs - ✅✅Short RNAs regulating gene expression, derived from introns.
MicroRNAs - ✅✅Small noncoding RNAs regulating diverse cellular pathways.
Transgenerational Inheritance - ✅✅Heritable transmission of epigenetic modifications across
generations.
Phenotypic Differences - ✅✅Observable traits resulting from genetic and epigenetic variations.
Imprinting - ✅✅Gene silencing depending on parental inheritance.
Prader-Willi Syndrome - ✅✅Disorder caused by paternal deletion on chromosome 15.
Angelman Syndrome - ✅✅Disorder caused by maternal deletion on chromosome 15.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - ✅✅Overgrowth condition linked to IGF2 gene regulation.
Russell-Silver Syndrome - ✅✅Growth disorder caused by down-regulation of IGF2.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - ✅✅Disorder from ethanol exposure affecting fetal development.
Fragile X Syndrome - ✅✅Genetic condition linked to abnormal methylation gain.
FSHMD - ✅✅Disease resulting from abnormal loss of methylation.
Tumor Progression - ✅✅Advancement of tumors from benign to malignant states.
Hypermethylation - ✅✅Increased methylation often silencing tumor-suppressor genes.
Oncogenes - ✅✅Genes that promote cell division, potentially leading to cancer.
Tumor-Suppressor Genes - ✅✅Genes that inhibit cell division, preventing tumor formation.
5-Azacytidine - ✅✅Demethylating agent used in leukemia treatment.
Environmental Factors - ✅✅External influences affecting epigenetic modifications.
Lifestyle Differences - ✅✅Variations in behavior impacting epigenetic patterns.
Disease Questions and answers
Epigenetics - ✅✅Study of gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration.
DNA Methylation - ✅✅Attachment of methyl groups to cytosines in DNA.
CpG Dinucleotides - ✅✅Cytosines followed by guanines where methylation occurs.
Histone Modification - ✅✅Chemical changes to histones affecting gene expression.
Noncoding RNAs - ✅✅Short RNAs regulating gene expression, derived from introns.
MicroRNAs - ✅✅Small noncoding RNAs regulating diverse cellular pathways.
Transgenerational Inheritance - ✅✅Heritable transmission of epigenetic modifications across
generations.
Phenotypic Differences - ✅✅Observable traits resulting from genetic and epigenetic variations.
Imprinting - ✅✅Gene silencing depending on parental inheritance.
Prader-Willi Syndrome - ✅✅Disorder caused by paternal deletion on chromosome 15.
Angelman Syndrome - ✅✅Disorder caused by maternal deletion on chromosome 15.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - ✅✅Overgrowth condition linked to IGF2 gene regulation.
Russell-Silver Syndrome - ✅✅Growth disorder caused by down-regulation of IGF2.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - ✅✅Disorder from ethanol exposure affecting fetal development.
Fragile X Syndrome - ✅✅Genetic condition linked to abnormal methylation gain.
FSHMD - ✅✅Disease resulting from abnormal loss of methylation.
Tumor Progression - ✅✅Advancement of tumors from benign to malignant states.
Hypermethylation - ✅✅Increased methylation often silencing tumor-suppressor genes.
Oncogenes - ✅✅Genes that promote cell division, potentially leading to cancer.
Tumor-Suppressor Genes - ✅✅Genes that inhibit cell division, preventing tumor formation.
5-Azacytidine - ✅✅Demethylating agent used in leukemia treatment.
Environmental Factors - ✅✅External influences affecting epigenetic modifications.
Lifestyle Differences - ✅✅Variations in behavior impacting epigenetic patterns.
