Endocrine System (WK 7)
1. What is endocrinology?: study of hormones and endocrine organs
2. What do hormones do?: -Reproduction
-Growth and development
-Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of blood
-Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
-Mobilization of body defense
3. What are the two endocrine glands?: Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
4. What are the exocrine glands?: -Nonhormonal substances (sweat, saliva)
-Have ducts to carry secretion to membrane surface
-Have specific ducts so when they have a specific destination for their secretion
5. What are the endocrine glands?: -Ductless glands that produce hormones and generally secrete
them into the blood stream (no specific destination)
-Produce hormones
,6. what are all of the endocrine glands?: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal
7. What is the hypthalamus?: It is not a endocrine gland is a neuroendocrine organ (nervous system mix
creas, gonads,
with the endocrine system)
8. What are some glands that have both exocrine and endocrine?: Pan
placenta
9. What are other tissues and organs that produce hormones in the endocrine
system that not part of the system itself?: Adipose (fat) cells, thymus, and cells in walls of small
intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart
10. What are chemical massagers in the endocrine system?: Hormones: long-distance
chemical signals; travel in blood or lymph
,11. What are two type of local chemical messengers that are not considered par
of the endocrine system?: Autocrines
Paracrines
12. What are autocrines?: Chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them
-Ex: The heart produce ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and that hormone only effect the heart
(I am an organ that release hormones that only impact me)
13. What is paracrine?: A chemical messenger or hormone that locally acting chemicals that affect cells other
than those that secrete them.
-Ex: Small intestine releasing paracrine it will impact in that area only
(I am an organ that release hormones that only impact areas around where I am located)
14. What are the two type of chemistry of hormones in the endocrine system?-
: Amino acid-based hormones
Steroids
15. What are amino acid-based hormones?: Amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins
, (Proteins base hormones cannot get into your cells because your cell are made of fat and cannot impact that cells and
make changes immediately)
16. What are steroids?: -Synthesized from cholesterol
-Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
(Fat base hormones and it can get into your cells because your cells are made of fat and fat likes fat and can impact
that cells and make changes immediately)
17. Why can Steroid shot impact quicker than protein base shots?: Because steroids
are fat base and protein are protein base.
18. Hormones act at receptors in one of two ways, depending on their chemical
nature and receptor location what are the two types:: 1. Water-soluble hormones (all amino
acid-based hormones except thyroid hormones)
*Cannot enter cell
2. Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid and thyroid hormones)
*Can enter cell
1. What is endocrinology?: study of hormones and endocrine organs
2. What do hormones do?: -Reproduction
-Growth and development
-Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of blood
-Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
-Mobilization of body defense
3. What are the two endocrine glands?: Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
4. What are the exocrine glands?: -Nonhormonal substances (sweat, saliva)
-Have ducts to carry secretion to membrane surface
-Have specific ducts so when they have a specific destination for their secretion
5. What are the endocrine glands?: -Ductless glands that produce hormones and generally secrete
them into the blood stream (no specific destination)
-Produce hormones
,6. what are all of the endocrine glands?: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal
7. What is the hypthalamus?: It is not a endocrine gland is a neuroendocrine organ (nervous system mix
creas, gonads,
with the endocrine system)
8. What are some glands that have both exocrine and endocrine?: Pan
placenta
9. What are other tissues and organs that produce hormones in the endocrine
system that not part of the system itself?: Adipose (fat) cells, thymus, and cells in walls of small
intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart
10. What are chemical massagers in the endocrine system?: Hormones: long-distance
chemical signals; travel in blood or lymph
,11. What are two type of local chemical messengers that are not considered par
of the endocrine system?: Autocrines
Paracrines
12. What are autocrines?: Chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them
-Ex: The heart produce ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and that hormone only effect the heart
(I am an organ that release hormones that only impact me)
13. What is paracrine?: A chemical messenger or hormone that locally acting chemicals that affect cells other
than those that secrete them.
-Ex: Small intestine releasing paracrine it will impact in that area only
(I am an organ that release hormones that only impact areas around where I am located)
14. What are the two type of chemistry of hormones in the endocrine system?-
: Amino acid-based hormones
Steroids
15. What are amino acid-based hormones?: Amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins
, (Proteins base hormones cannot get into your cells because your cell are made of fat and cannot impact that cells and
make changes immediately)
16. What are steroids?: -Synthesized from cholesterol
-Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
(Fat base hormones and it can get into your cells because your cells are made of fat and fat likes fat and can impact
that cells and make changes immediately)
17. Why can Steroid shot impact quicker than protein base shots?: Because steroids
are fat base and protein are protein base.
18. Hormones act at receptors in one of two ways, depending on their chemical
nature and receptor location what are the two types:: 1. Water-soluble hormones (all amino
acid-based hormones except thyroid hormones)
*Cannot enter cell
2. Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid and thyroid hormones)
*Can enter cell
