HCD Final Exam study guide Question
and answers correctly solved 2025/2026
What are the 4 components of a healthcare system?
A) Shared beliefs, values, communication, and a strong shared vision
B) Pharmaceutical industry, hospitals, doctors, and insurance companies
C) People, parts, interrelationships, and culture
D) Payers, patients, providers, and parts - correct answer ✔C) People, parts, interrelationships, and
culture
Which of the following statements is true?
A) The world health system ranking reports cannot be trusted as these reports all use different measures
for establishing their rankings
B) It doesn't seem to matter which measures are used within international health systems rankings, the
US healthcare system performs poorly amongst other developed nations
C) The world health systems ranking reports cannot be trusted as these are not reputable sources
D) The Commonwealth Fund report clearly ranks the US healthcare system much better than the others
- correct answer ✔B) It doesn't seem to matter which measures are used within international health
systems rankings, the US healthcare system performs poorly amongst other developed nations
What are the 3 goals of a healthcare system? (Select all that apply)
A) Easy access
B) Patient satisfaction
C) High quality
,D) Universal coverage, regardless of cost
E) Low cost - correct answer ✔A) Easy access, C) High quality, E) Low cost
Which of the following are measures of quality within a healthcare system?
A) Patient satisfaction
B) Patient outcomes
C) Patient safety
D) Patient insurance status - correct answer ✔A) Patient satisfaction, B) Patient outcomes, C) Patient
safety
Which of the following are measures of cost within a healthcare system? (Select all that apply).
A) Cost per procedure such as a knee or hip replacement
B) Patient insurance status such as insured or uninsured
C) Patient tax bracket
D) Healthcare spending as a % of the GDP
E) Patient income level - correct answer ✔A) Cost per procedure such as a knee or hip replacement, D)
Healthcare spending as a % of the GDP
Which of the following is NOT a measure of access within a healthcare system?
A) Physician to patient ratios
B) Patient income level
C) Patient insurance status such as insured or uninsured
D) Patient insurance coverage
,E) Geographical proximity to needed services - correct answer ✔B) Patient income level
When analyzing healthcare systems, spending as a percent of the GDP is often considered. What does
this measure tell us?
A) The amount of dollars spent on healthcare every year
B) The percent of money spent on healthcare every year in one country, in relation to the percent of
money spent on healthcare in the same year in other countries
C) The amount of total dollars spent throughout all industries in an entire year
D) The percent of money spent on healthcare by insurance companies versus out-of-pocket by individual
patients
E) The percent of money spent on healthcare every year, in relation to the total amount spent
throughout all industries in the same year - correct answer ✔E) The percent of money spent on
healthcare every year, in relation to the total amount spent throughout all industries in the same year
The US has universal coverage.
True or False - correct answer ✔False
There is high variability in cost, quality, and access throughout the US healthcare system.
True or False - correct answer ✔True
In addition to cost, quality and access, which can be considered a building block of health systems?
A) Innovation
B) Culture
, C) Politics
D) Religion - correct answer ✔A) Innovation
What does the term universal access mean?
A) That everyone has access to health insurance, no matter where they are in the world
B) That everyone in a country has access to equal coverage of health insurance
C) That everyone in a country has access to healthcare services, regardless of health insurance status
D) That everyone within a country has access to some form of health insurance - correct answer ✔D)
That everyone within a country has access to some form of health insurance
What type of health insurance programs became popular immediately after WWII?
A) Employer-based insurance
B) Medicaid
C) Medicare
D) VA/Tricare - correct answer ✔A) Employer-based insurance
What is a premium?
A) The set percentage of the bill that must be paid at the point of service
B) The amount paid monthly for a health insurance plan
C) The amount that must be paid out-of-pocket annually, before insurance coverage kicks in
D) The set dollar amount that you must pay at the point of service - correct answer ✔B) The amount
paid monthly for a health insurance plan
and answers correctly solved 2025/2026
What are the 4 components of a healthcare system?
A) Shared beliefs, values, communication, and a strong shared vision
B) Pharmaceutical industry, hospitals, doctors, and insurance companies
C) People, parts, interrelationships, and culture
D) Payers, patients, providers, and parts - correct answer ✔C) People, parts, interrelationships, and
culture
Which of the following statements is true?
A) The world health system ranking reports cannot be trusted as these reports all use different measures
for establishing their rankings
B) It doesn't seem to matter which measures are used within international health systems rankings, the
US healthcare system performs poorly amongst other developed nations
C) The world health systems ranking reports cannot be trusted as these are not reputable sources
D) The Commonwealth Fund report clearly ranks the US healthcare system much better than the others
- correct answer ✔B) It doesn't seem to matter which measures are used within international health
systems rankings, the US healthcare system performs poorly amongst other developed nations
What are the 3 goals of a healthcare system? (Select all that apply)
A) Easy access
B) Patient satisfaction
C) High quality
,D) Universal coverage, regardless of cost
E) Low cost - correct answer ✔A) Easy access, C) High quality, E) Low cost
Which of the following are measures of quality within a healthcare system?
A) Patient satisfaction
B) Patient outcomes
C) Patient safety
D) Patient insurance status - correct answer ✔A) Patient satisfaction, B) Patient outcomes, C) Patient
safety
Which of the following are measures of cost within a healthcare system? (Select all that apply).
A) Cost per procedure such as a knee or hip replacement
B) Patient insurance status such as insured or uninsured
C) Patient tax bracket
D) Healthcare spending as a % of the GDP
E) Patient income level - correct answer ✔A) Cost per procedure such as a knee or hip replacement, D)
Healthcare spending as a % of the GDP
Which of the following is NOT a measure of access within a healthcare system?
A) Physician to patient ratios
B) Patient income level
C) Patient insurance status such as insured or uninsured
D) Patient insurance coverage
,E) Geographical proximity to needed services - correct answer ✔B) Patient income level
When analyzing healthcare systems, spending as a percent of the GDP is often considered. What does
this measure tell us?
A) The amount of dollars spent on healthcare every year
B) The percent of money spent on healthcare every year in one country, in relation to the percent of
money spent on healthcare in the same year in other countries
C) The amount of total dollars spent throughout all industries in an entire year
D) The percent of money spent on healthcare by insurance companies versus out-of-pocket by individual
patients
E) The percent of money spent on healthcare every year, in relation to the total amount spent
throughout all industries in the same year - correct answer ✔E) The percent of money spent on
healthcare every year, in relation to the total amount spent throughout all industries in the same year
The US has universal coverage.
True or False - correct answer ✔False
There is high variability in cost, quality, and access throughout the US healthcare system.
True or False - correct answer ✔True
In addition to cost, quality and access, which can be considered a building block of health systems?
A) Innovation
B) Culture
, C) Politics
D) Religion - correct answer ✔A) Innovation
What does the term universal access mean?
A) That everyone has access to health insurance, no matter where they are in the world
B) That everyone in a country has access to equal coverage of health insurance
C) That everyone in a country has access to healthcare services, regardless of health insurance status
D) That everyone within a country has access to some form of health insurance - correct answer ✔D)
That everyone within a country has access to some form of health insurance
What type of health insurance programs became popular immediately after WWII?
A) Employer-based insurance
B) Medicaid
C) Medicare
D) VA/Tricare - correct answer ✔A) Employer-based insurance
What is a premium?
A) The set percentage of the bill that must be paid at the point of service
B) The amount paid monthly for a health insurance plan
C) The amount that must be paid out-of-pocket annually, before insurance coverage kicks in
D) The set dollar amount that you must pay at the point of service - correct answer ✔B) The amount
paid monthly for a health insurance plan
