2025-2026 Emergency Management
Exam 3 Questions and Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
Quarantelli Concept of Planning - Answer Disasters are different from day to day
accidents & emergencies
• Magnitude, scope, & impact require a fuller set of partners for the response & recovery
phases
• A plan is not the final outcome of disaster
planning
• Because planning never stops!
• Creating a plan means assuming an agent-generic approach toward planning
• NOT creating a plan for each specific type of
hazard
According to Quarantelli, disaster plans must assume the following: - Answer Unpredictable
events will occur
• Improvisation will be required
• New group will emerge to respond to new
situations.
• Plans must focus on coordination & flexibility,
not on maintaining a rigid command & control
bureaucracy
• Rigid bureaucracies do not perform well under
disaster circumstances
• When events change, organizational structure must also
According to Quarantelli, the planning process goal is to: - Answer • Create a set of general
guidelines or principles for a disaster response
• Not adhere to a rigid set of SOP's
• Disasters generate a high degree of uncertainty
• No one can anticipate & list out all the possible actions needed
,• Looting
• Other incorrect assumptions of general anti-social behavior by the victims
• Stress people working together on the plan
within organizations & across organizations
• No "silo" planning
• Organizations that will work together, must plan
together
• Planners must encourage people to work together formally & informally during the planning
process
• Must be guided by the science of disaster
behavior
• "I was there" stories often produce biased,
unrealistic assumptions about disaster behavior
• Scientific research alerts planners to broader
realities & can enhance planning
Two Key Points of Quarantelli - Answer 1) Planning is a process, not a piece of paper
2) Network, network, & network
The planning process helps in the following ways: - Answer 1) Those involved in the planning
process
will learn the plan
2) The planning process helps create &
enhance connections or networks among
decision-makers
3) Creating plans enhances opportunities for
people from different jurisdictions to
work together
Types of Planning: Planning Across the EM Cycle - Answer • Response Plans/Emergency
Operations Plans
(EOPs)
, • Most planning time is spent on the response phase
• Where life-saving activities occur
• Response plans vary considerably around the US/world
• Recovery
• Recovery phase follows the response phase
• Pre-Event Recovery Planning (rarely occurs)
• Post-Event Recovery Planning & Mitigation Planning (much more common)
• Common elements of a recovery plan address:
• Housing
• Roads & bridges
• Environmental resources
• Historic & cultural preservation
• Businesses
• Utilities
• Business Continuity Planning
• Must cover both direct & indirect impacts
• Larger firms tend to have more resources to plan
Personal and Household Planning - Answer • Identify area hazards
• Make a plan
• Communications
• Reunification
• Create a ready kit
• Determine protective actions by hazard
• Assist socially vulnerable household members
& neighbors with advance planning
• Remember pets
Community Based Planning - Answer • Involve the public to the best degree possible
Exam 3 Questions and Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
Quarantelli Concept of Planning - Answer Disasters are different from day to day
accidents & emergencies
• Magnitude, scope, & impact require a fuller set of partners for the response & recovery
phases
• A plan is not the final outcome of disaster
planning
• Because planning never stops!
• Creating a plan means assuming an agent-generic approach toward planning
• NOT creating a plan for each specific type of
hazard
According to Quarantelli, disaster plans must assume the following: - Answer Unpredictable
events will occur
• Improvisation will be required
• New group will emerge to respond to new
situations.
• Plans must focus on coordination & flexibility,
not on maintaining a rigid command & control
bureaucracy
• Rigid bureaucracies do not perform well under
disaster circumstances
• When events change, organizational structure must also
According to Quarantelli, the planning process goal is to: - Answer • Create a set of general
guidelines or principles for a disaster response
• Not adhere to a rigid set of SOP's
• Disasters generate a high degree of uncertainty
• No one can anticipate & list out all the possible actions needed
,• Looting
• Other incorrect assumptions of general anti-social behavior by the victims
• Stress people working together on the plan
within organizations & across organizations
• No "silo" planning
• Organizations that will work together, must plan
together
• Planners must encourage people to work together formally & informally during the planning
process
• Must be guided by the science of disaster
behavior
• "I was there" stories often produce biased,
unrealistic assumptions about disaster behavior
• Scientific research alerts planners to broader
realities & can enhance planning
Two Key Points of Quarantelli - Answer 1) Planning is a process, not a piece of paper
2) Network, network, & network
The planning process helps in the following ways: - Answer 1) Those involved in the planning
process
will learn the plan
2) The planning process helps create &
enhance connections or networks among
decision-makers
3) Creating plans enhances opportunities for
people from different jurisdictions to
work together
Types of Planning: Planning Across the EM Cycle - Answer • Response Plans/Emergency
Operations Plans
(EOPs)
, • Most planning time is spent on the response phase
• Where life-saving activities occur
• Response plans vary considerably around the US/world
• Recovery
• Recovery phase follows the response phase
• Pre-Event Recovery Planning (rarely occurs)
• Post-Event Recovery Planning & Mitigation Planning (much more common)
• Common elements of a recovery plan address:
• Housing
• Roads & bridges
• Environmental resources
• Historic & cultural preservation
• Businesses
• Utilities
• Business Continuity Planning
• Must cover both direct & indirect impacts
• Larger firms tend to have more resources to plan
Personal and Household Planning - Answer • Identify area hazards
• Make a plan
• Communications
• Reunification
• Create a ready kit
• Determine protective actions by hazard
• Assist socially vulnerable household members
& neighbors with advance planning
• Remember pets
Community Based Planning - Answer • Involve the public to the best degree possible
