Final Test Review -Emergency
Management Study Guide Questions
and Actual Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Emergency Management - Answer The managerial function charged with creating the
framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to threats/hazards and cope with
disasters.
Comprehensive - Answer Emergency managers consider and take into account all
threats/hazards, all phases, all stakeholders, and all impacts relevant to disasters
Progressive - Answer Emergency managers anticipate future disasters and take protective,
preventive, and preparatory measures to build disaster-resistant and disaster-resilient
communities.
Risk-Driven - Answer Emergency managers use sound risk management principles
(threat/hazard identification, risk analysis, and impact analysis) in assigning priorities and
resources.
Integrated - Answer Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of
government and all elements of a community.
Collaborative - Answer Emergency managers create and sustain broad and sincere
relationships among individuals and organizations to encourage trust, advocate a team
atmosphere, build consensus, and facilitate communication.
Coordinated - Answer Emergency managers synchronize the activities of all relevant
stakeholders to achieve a common purpose.
Flexible - Answer Emergency managers use creative and innovative approaches in solving
disaster challenges.
Professional - Answer Emergency managers value a science- and knowledge-based approach
,Congressional Act of 1803 - Answer Was the earliest effort to provide disaster relief on a
Federal level after a fire devastated a New Hampshire town.
From that point forward, assorted legislation provided disaster support. Between 1803 and
1950, the Federal Government intervened in approximately 100 incidents (earthquakes, fires,
floods, and tornadoes).
Defense Production Act of 1950 - Answer Was the first comprehensive legislation pertaining to
Federal disaster relief.
The Disaster Relief Act of 1950 gave the President authority to issue disaster declarations that
allowed Federal agencies to provide direct assistance to State and local governments.
The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 created a nationwide system of civil defense agencies, and
defense drills became routine in schools, government agencies, and other organizations.
Executive Order 10427 - Answer In 1952, President Truman issued Executive Order 10427,
which emphasized that Federal disaster assistance was intended to supplement, not supplant,
the resources of State, local, and private-sector organizations. This role is still the same today
Executive Order 12127 - Answer President Carter's 1979 Executive Order 12127 merged many
of separate disaster-related responsibilities into a new Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA).
FEMA was created to:
- Coordinate Federal emergency authorities, including the administration of disaster response
and recovery programs.
- Assume the role of the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration and assume responsibilities
from the Federal Preparedness Agency, the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, the Federal
Insurance Administration, the Office of Emergency Preparedness, and the U.S. Fire
Administration.
FEMA is headquartered in Washington, DC, with 10 regional offices that help plan, coordinate,
and manage disaster assistance activities, including disaster operations, disaster assistance,
mitigation, and preparedness.
Other activities include providing emergency food and shelter funding for those left homeless,
and planning to ensure the continuity of the Federal Government during national security
emergencies.
The Stafford Act - Answer Today, the centerpiece legislation for providing Federal aid for
,Vests responsibility for emergency preparedness jointly in the Federal Government, State and
tribal governments, and their political subdivisions.
Gives FEMA responsibility for coordinating Federal Government response.
Under the Stafford Act, assistance is limited to:
Natural catastrophes (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water,
tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or
drought), or,
Regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion.
The Stafford Act is designed to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, tribes,
local governments, and disaster relief organizations.
Under the Stafford Act, the President can designate an incident as either an "emergency" or a
"major disaster." Both authorize the Federal Government to provide essential assistance to
meet immediate threats to life and property, as well as additional disaster relief assistance.
Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 - Answer The Post-Katrina
Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (PKEMRA) provided important provisions,
including the key principle that after a major disaster or emergency declaration accelerated
Federal assistance could be sent by FEMA, in the absence of a specific request by a State, to
save lives and prevent suffering. Among its important provisions, PKEMRA:
Requires the development of pre-scripted mission assignments as part of the planning efforts
for Emergency Support Function (ESF) response efforts.
Transfers to FEMA various preparedness functions formerly contained within Department of
Homeland Security (DHS).
Employs the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the National Response
Framework (NRF) as the framework for emergency response and domestic incident
management.
Requires the development of comprehensive plans to respond to catastrophic incidents to
include clear standardization, guidance, and assistance to ensure common terminology,
approach, and framework for all strategic and operational planning.
Directs the development of a National Disaster Recovery Strategy and National Disaster Housing
Strategy.
Amends the Stafford Act to direct FEMA to appoint a Disability Coordinator to ensure that the
needs of individuals with disabilities are addressed in emergency preparedness and disaster
relief.
Requires an annual report to Congress on all Federal planning and preparedness efforts.
Adds protection for household pets and service animals.
, Public Assistance:Authorizing alternative procedures for the Public Assistance (PA)
Program.Reviewing and evaluating the Public Assistance small project threshold.Establishing a
nationwide dispute resolution pilot program for Public Assistance projects.
Hazard Mitigation: Streamlining the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP).
Disaster Cost Reduction: Developing a national strategy to reduce costs on future disasters.
Individual Assistance:Revising the factors considered when evaluating the need for the
Individual Assistance Program in a major disaster or emergency.Authorizing the lease and repair
of rental units for use as direct temporary housing.
Unified Federal Review: Establishing a unified and expedited interagency environmental and
historic preservation process for disaster recovery projects.
Essential Assistance: Authorizing changes in the way certain government employees are
reimbursed for performing emergency protective measures.
Tribal Requests for a Major Disaster or Emergency Declaration: Amending the Stafford Act to
allow the Chief Executive of a federally recognized Indian tribe to make a direct request to the
President for a major disaster or emergency declaration. Tribes may elect to receive assistance
under a State's declaration, provided that the President does not make a declaration for the
tribe for the same incident. The Act also:Authorizes the President to establish criteria to adjust
the non-federal cost share for an Indian tribal government consistent to the extent allowed by
current authorities.Requires FEMA to consider the unique circumstances of tribes when it
develops regulations to i
Emergency - Answer Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the
President, Federal assistance is needed to supplement State, tribal, and local efforts and
capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or lessen or avert
the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. A variety of incidents may qualify as
emergencies.
The Federal assistance available for emergencies is more limited than that which is available for
a major disaster.
Major Disaster - Answer Any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm,
high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide,
mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any
part of the United States, which in the determination of the President causes damage of
sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under this chapter to
supplement the efforts and available resources of States, tribal governments, local
governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or
suffering caused thereby.
Major disasters may be caused by such natural events as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes.
Management Study Guide Questions
and Actual Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Emergency Management - Answer The managerial function charged with creating the
framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to threats/hazards and cope with
disasters.
Comprehensive - Answer Emergency managers consider and take into account all
threats/hazards, all phases, all stakeholders, and all impacts relevant to disasters
Progressive - Answer Emergency managers anticipate future disasters and take protective,
preventive, and preparatory measures to build disaster-resistant and disaster-resilient
communities.
Risk-Driven - Answer Emergency managers use sound risk management principles
(threat/hazard identification, risk analysis, and impact analysis) in assigning priorities and
resources.
Integrated - Answer Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of
government and all elements of a community.
Collaborative - Answer Emergency managers create and sustain broad and sincere
relationships among individuals and organizations to encourage trust, advocate a team
atmosphere, build consensus, and facilitate communication.
Coordinated - Answer Emergency managers synchronize the activities of all relevant
stakeholders to achieve a common purpose.
Flexible - Answer Emergency managers use creative and innovative approaches in solving
disaster challenges.
Professional - Answer Emergency managers value a science- and knowledge-based approach
,Congressional Act of 1803 - Answer Was the earliest effort to provide disaster relief on a
Federal level after a fire devastated a New Hampshire town.
From that point forward, assorted legislation provided disaster support. Between 1803 and
1950, the Federal Government intervened in approximately 100 incidents (earthquakes, fires,
floods, and tornadoes).
Defense Production Act of 1950 - Answer Was the first comprehensive legislation pertaining to
Federal disaster relief.
The Disaster Relief Act of 1950 gave the President authority to issue disaster declarations that
allowed Federal agencies to provide direct assistance to State and local governments.
The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 created a nationwide system of civil defense agencies, and
defense drills became routine in schools, government agencies, and other organizations.
Executive Order 10427 - Answer In 1952, President Truman issued Executive Order 10427,
which emphasized that Federal disaster assistance was intended to supplement, not supplant,
the resources of State, local, and private-sector organizations. This role is still the same today
Executive Order 12127 - Answer President Carter's 1979 Executive Order 12127 merged many
of separate disaster-related responsibilities into a new Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA).
FEMA was created to:
- Coordinate Federal emergency authorities, including the administration of disaster response
and recovery programs.
- Assume the role of the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration and assume responsibilities
from the Federal Preparedness Agency, the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, the Federal
Insurance Administration, the Office of Emergency Preparedness, and the U.S. Fire
Administration.
FEMA is headquartered in Washington, DC, with 10 regional offices that help plan, coordinate,
and manage disaster assistance activities, including disaster operations, disaster assistance,
mitigation, and preparedness.
Other activities include providing emergency food and shelter funding for those left homeless,
and planning to ensure the continuity of the Federal Government during national security
emergencies.
The Stafford Act - Answer Today, the centerpiece legislation for providing Federal aid for
,Vests responsibility for emergency preparedness jointly in the Federal Government, State and
tribal governments, and their political subdivisions.
Gives FEMA responsibility for coordinating Federal Government response.
Under the Stafford Act, assistance is limited to:
Natural catastrophes (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water,
tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or
drought), or,
Regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion.
The Stafford Act is designed to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, tribes,
local governments, and disaster relief organizations.
Under the Stafford Act, the President can designate an incident as either an "emergency" or a
"major disaster." Both authorize the Federal Government to provide essential assistance to
meet immediate threats to life and property, as well as additional disaster relief assistance.
Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 - Answer The Post-Katrina
Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (PKEMRA) provided important provisions,
including the key principle that after a major disaster or emergency declaration accelerated
Federal assistance could be sent by FEMA, in the absence of a specific request by a State, to
save lives and prevent suffering. Among its important provisions, PKEMRA:
Requires the development of pre-scripted mission assignments as part of the planning efforts
for Emergency Support Function (ESF) response efforts.
Transfers to FEMA various preparedness functions formerly contained within Department of
Homeland Security (DHS).
Employs the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the National Response
Framework (NRF) as the framework for emergency response and domestic incident
management.
Requires the development of comprehensive plans to respond to catastrophic incidents to
include clear standardization, guidance, and assistance to ensure common terminology,
approach, and framework for all strategic and operational planning.
Directs the development of a National Disaster Recovery Strategy and National Disaster Housing
Strategy.
Amends the Stafford Act to direct FEMA to appoint a Disability Coordinator to ensure that the
needs of individuals with disabilities are addressed in emergency preparedness and disaster
relief.
Requires an annual report to Congress on all Federal planning and preparedness efforts.
Adds protection for household pets and service animals.
, Public Assistance:Authorizing alternative procedures for the Public Assistance (PA)
Program.Reviewing and evaluating the Public Assistance small project threshold.Establishing a
nationwide dispute resolution pilot program for Public Assistance projects.
Hazard Mitigation: Streamlining the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP).
Disaster Cost Reduction: Developing a national strategy to reduce costs on future disasters.
Individual Assistance:Revising the factors considered when evaluating the need for the
Individual Assistance Program in a major disaster or emergency.Authorizing the lease and repair
of rental units for use as direct temporary housing.
Unified Federal Review: Establishing a unified and expedited interagency environmental and
historic preservation process for disaster recovery projects.
Essential Assistance: Authorizing changes in the way certain government employees are
reimbursed for performing emergency protective measures.
Tribal Requests for a Major Disaster or Emergency Declaration: Amending the Stafford Act to
allow the Chief Executive of a federally recognized Indian tribe to make a direct request to the
President for a major disaster or emergency declaration. Tribes may elect to receive assistance
under a State's declaration, provided that the President does not make a declaration for the
tribe for the same incident. The Act also:Authorizes the President to establish criteria to adjust
the non-federal cost share for an Indian tribal government consistent to the extent allowed by
current authorities.Requires FEMA to consider the unique circumstances of tribes when it
develops regulations to i
Emergency - Answer Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the
President, Federal assistance is needed to supplement State, tribal, and local efforts and
capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or lessen or avert
the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. A variety of incidents may qualify as
emergencies.
The Federal assistance available for emergencies is more limited than that which is available for
a major disaster.
Major Disaster - Answer Any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm,
high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide,
mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any
part of the United States, which in the determination of the President causes damage of
sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under this chapter to
supplement the efforts and available resources of States, tribal governments, local
governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or
suffering caused thereby.
Major disasters may be caused by such natural events as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes.
