, Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine Testba
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nk/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
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1. of:
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A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation.zd zd zd
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.zd zd zd zd zd
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
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The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
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2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
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A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy zd
C) compensatory hyperplasia zd
D) physiologic hypertrophy zd
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partiall
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y cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hyp
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3. oxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
zd zd in the brain.
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A) caspase activation zd
B) coagulation necrosis zd
C) rapid phagocytosis zd
D) protein p53 deficiency zd zd
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
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4. , which is unique from the intracellula zd zd zd zd zd zd
r damage caused by other injurious agents.
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A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump zd zd zd zd
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes zd zd zd
C) replicating and producing continued injury zd zd zd zd
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function zd zd zd zd
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hyp
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
5. oxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. zd zd zd zd zd
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. zd zd zd zd zd
,D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. zd zd zd zd
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) increased fat load. zd zd
B) altered permeability. zd
C) altered glucose utilization.
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D) increased surface receptors. zd zd
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
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A) stimulus overload. zd
B) genetic mutations. zd
C) chemical messengers. zd
D) mitochondrial DNA. zd
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
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A) increased cell protein synthesis. zd zd zd
B) altered cell volume regulation.
zd zd zd
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
zd zd zd zd zd
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps o
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
n a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necro
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9. tic cell death is characterized by:
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A) rapid apoptosis. zd
B) cellular rupture. zd
C) shrinkage and collapse. zd zd
D) chronic inflammation. zd
A 99-year-
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10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of the
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
ories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
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A) changes with genetic influences. zd zd zd
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. zd zd zd zd
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. zd zd
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
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An 89-year- zd
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during
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da 3- zd
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phe
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
nomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
that underlies her reduced mobility?
zd zd zd zd
, A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A 20-year-
zd
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou
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12. (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evide
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nce of: zd
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
zd zd zd zd zd
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. zd zd zd zd
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcif
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
13. ation?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia zd zd
B) Liver cirrhosis zd
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism zd zd
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology tech
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
ician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
14. ationale for the technicians precautions?
zd zd zd zd
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. zd zd zd zd zd zd
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
The parents of a 4-year-
zd zd zd zd
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing im
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
15. ported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following b
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
lood tests should the care team prioritize?
zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) White blood cell levels with differential zd zd zd zd zd
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
zd zd zd zd zd
C) Urea and creatinine levelszd zd zd
D) Liver function panel zd zd
A 70-year-
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old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic str
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
16. e that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
zd zd zd zd zd zd
nk/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
zd zd zd zd zd zd
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
1. of:
zd
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.zd zd zd
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.zd zd zd zd zd
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
zd zd zd zd zd
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
zd zd of the remaining liver cells.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy zd
C) compensatory hyperplasia zd
D) physiologic hypertrophy zd
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partiall
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
y cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hyp
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
3. oxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
zd zd in the brain.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) caspase activation zd
B) coagulation necrosis zd
C) rapid phagocytosis zd
D) protein p53 deficiency zd zd
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
4. , which is unique from the intracellula zd zd zd zd zd zd
r damage caused by other injurious agents.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump zd zd zd zd
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes zd zd zd
C) replicating and producing continued injury zd zd zd zd
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function zd zd zd zd
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hyp
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
5. oxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. zd zd zd zd zd
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. zd zd zd zd zd
,D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. zd zd zd zd
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) increased fat load. zd zd
B) altered permeability. zd
C) altered glucose utilization.
zd zd
D) increased surface receptors. zd zd
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) stimulus overload. zd
B) genetic mutations. zd
C) chemical messengers. zd
D) mitochondrial DNA. zd
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) increased cell protein synthesis. zd zd zd
B) altered cell volume regulation.
zd zd zd
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
zd zd zd zd zd
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps o
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
n a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necro
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
9. tic cell death is characterized by:
zd zd zd zd zd
A) rapid apoptosis. zd
B) cellular rupture. zd
C) shrinkage and collapse. zd zd
D) chronic inflammation. zd
A 99-year-
zd
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of the
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
ories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) changes with genetic influences. zd zd zd
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. zd zd zd zd
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. zd zd
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
zd zd zd zd
An 89-year- zd
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd z
da 3- zd
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phe
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
nomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
that underlies her reduced mobility?
zd zd zd zd
, A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
A 20-year-
zd
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
12. (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evide
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
nce of: zd
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
zd zd zd zd zd
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. zd zd zd zd
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcif
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
13. ation?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia zd zd
B) Liver cirrhosis zd
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism zd zd
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology tech
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
ician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
14. ationale for the technicians precautions?
zd zd zd zd
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
zd zd zd zd zd zd
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. zd zd zd zd zd zd
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
The parents of a 4-year-
zd zd zd zd
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing im
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
15. ported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following b
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
lood tests should the care team prioritize?
zd zd zd zd zd zd
A) White blood cell levels with differential zd zd zd zd zd
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
zd zd zd zd zd
C) Urea and creatinine levelszd zd zd
D) Liver function panel zd zd
A 70-year-
zd
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic str
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
16. e that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd zd
