IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS FROM CHAPTER 1 -8 LATEST EDITION 2025/2026

IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS FROM CHAPTER 1 -8 LATEST EDITION 2025/2026 Chapter (1): 1. Which of the following does NOT protect body surfaces? A Skin B Mucus C Gastric acid D Salivary amylase E Gut microflora 2. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) include which of the following? A Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) B Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) C Lipoteichoic acid D Lectin-like molecules E Unmethylated CpG sequences 3. Which of the following does the mononuclear phagocyte system NOT include? A Monocytes B Kupffer cells C Kidney mesangial cells D Lymph node medullary macrophages E Endothelial cells 4. A polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN): A Is a bone marrow stem cell B Is closely similar to a mast cell C Contains microbicidal cytoplasmic granules D Is not a professional phagocytic cell E Has granules that stain with eosin 5. Which of the following is NOT produced following activation of the NADPH oxidase microbicidal pathway? A O − B O2 C H2O2 D NO E OH 6. Neutrophil defensins are: A Anti-toxins B Oxygen-dependent C Enzymes D Glycolipids E Peptide antibiotics 7. The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pattern recognition receptor recognizes: A CpG motifs B Bacterial lipopeptides C Lipoteichoic acid D Gram-negative LPS E dsRNA 8. Complement component C3 is cleaved by: A C3b B C3bBb C Factor B D Factor D E Factor H 9. The membrane attack complex consists of: A OH B Colicins C C3bBb3b D C5b,6,7,8,9 E Properdin 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE of C3b? A C3b is chemotactic for neutrophils B C3b is an anaphylatoxin C C3b opsonizes bacteria D C3b directly injures bacteria E C3b is the inactive form of C3 11. Acute inflammation characteristically involves: A Constriction of arterioles B Capillary endothelial cell enlargement C Influx of macrophages D Influx of mast cells E Influx of neutrophils 12. Which of the following statements is TRUE of lysozyme? A Lysozyme is a cytoplasmic organelle B Lysozyme activates complement C Lysozyme is a proteolytic enzyme D Lysozyme splits peptidoglycan E Lysozyme is released by mast cells 13. Which of the following is NOT an acute phase protein? A Serum amyloid P component B Chondroitin sulfate C C-reactive protein D Mannose-binding lectin E Fibrinogen 14. Which of the following statements is TRUE of interferons? A Interferons are found only in mammalian species B Interferons are divided into five main families C Interferons induce enzyme synthesis in the target cell D Interferons only affect infected cells E Interferons are specific for individual viruses 15. Natural killer (NK) cells do NOT: A Respond to interferon B Contain perforin C Contain tumor necrosis factor (TNF) D Kill only by damaging the target cell outer membrane E Contain serine proteases