ECPI BIO 111 6-9 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
The Largest organ by weight The Skin
The Skin is also known as the: Cutaneous Membrane
The Skin has ___ layers. Name them. 2, epidermis and dermis
The outer layer/more superficial layer of skin; thinner layer; stratified squamous
Epidermis
epithelium; has melanocytes; no blood vessels
Protects against water loss, harmful chemicals, mechanical injury, pathogens, trauma,
Functions of Epidermis
chemicals/toxins, & UV radiation
Inner layer/deeper layer of skin; thicker layer= dense regular and dense irregular
connective tissue; no melanocytes; has blood vessels; has wider variety of structures
Dermis (e.g. nerve endings for cutaneous senses like temperature, touch, and pain; sweat
glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles; arrector pili muscle, etc.); connective tissue
with collagenous & elastic fibers, muscle, blood, nervous tissue
Layer beneath dermis; insulating layer; areolar and adipose connective tissue; IT IS a
Subcutaneous Layer/Hypodermis layer of the integument, just not considered part of the skin; contains blood vessels
that supply skin
Stratum Basale Deepest sublayer of the epidermis, nourished by blood vessels in dermis
Process of hardening, helps prevent dehydration, and keratin accumulation that
Keratinization
occurs in epidermal cells as they migrate outward
Keratin Tough, fibrous, waterproof protein made and stored in the cells
Outermost sublayer of the epidermis; as cells reach outer surface, they become
Stratum Corneum
tightly packed, develop desmosomes
What kind of cells eventually shed from the Stratum Corneum Cells
skin surface?
Melanocytes are found in the: Stratum Basale
Melanocytes produce: Melanin
, Melanocytes absorbs ________ from UV light, Sunlight, Skin Color
____________ and provides _________________ _.
Melanin is distributed into ______ , to Keratinocytes
protect from UV radiation (DNA damage,
fibroblast damage, skin cancer)
Skin color results mainly from __________________ Melanin Pigment
__________________.
All people have same number of melanocytes, but vary in amount of melanin
Hereditary Factors to Skin Color: produced (this is under genetic control); Varying distribution and size of melanin
granules; Albinos inherit mutation in melanin genes, lack melanin
Enviromental Factors to Skin Color: Sunlight; UV light from sunlamps; X-rays
Oxygenation in blood of dermal blood vessels: pinkish, cyanosis - bluish appearance
due to deoxygenation of blood or sending more blood away from the skin;
Physiological Factors to Skin Color:
Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels; Accumulation of carotene
pigment from diet; Jaundice
Dermal Papillae Projections between epidermal ridges and dermis
Hair follicles, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands; Sensory Receptors: Lamellated
Dermis contains:
(Pacinian) corpuscles for pressure, Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles for light touch
Dermis binds: The epidermis to underlying tissues
The Dermis constists of ____ layers. Name 2; Papillary and Reticular
them.
Superficial layer of the dermis, areolar connective tissue; thinner than the reticular
Papillary Layer
layer; location of dermal papillae, which form fingerprints
Deeper layer of the dermis that contains dense irregular connective tissue; thicker
Reticular Layer
than the papillary layer
Accessory Structures Originate in the dermis; Extend into the Dermis or Hypodermis
Hair follicles, Hair, Sweat glands (merocrine/eccrine and aprocrine), Sebaceous
Accessory Structures of the Skin:
glands, and Nails
Invagination of the dermis and epidermis to form a sac-like structure/organ that
Hair Follicles
contains the hair root; extends into dermis or the subcutaneous layer
Thermal Insulation, improved upon with arrector pili muscle contractions; protection
Hair against trauma; protects against UV radiation; cosmetic/beautification factor; act as a
tripwire to detect bugs
Cosmetic/Beautification factor; protect against trauma, act as little tools; as as
Nails
defensive weapons
most abundant; makes watery sweat to cool body and rid the body of certain toxins;
Merocrine/Eccrine Sweat Glands
consists mainly of water, some salts; open to body surface through pores
secretions are metabolized by bacteria to create B.O.; located in axillary and groin
Apocrine Sweat Glands areas; open into hair follicles, called apocrine, but secrete by exocytosis; respond to
emotions, pain
Secrete sebum (consists of fatty material and cellular debris), conditions hair and skin
Sebaceous Glands to prevent excess dryness and cracking of skin; excess sebum can result in acne;
absent on palms and soles; usually associated with hair follicles
If accessory structures remain intact, Regenerate
injured/burned dermis can _______ _.
3 Parts of a Nail Nail plate, Nail bed, Nail matrix
The Largest organ by weight The Skin
The Skin is also known as the: Cutaneous Membrane
The Skin has ___ layers. Name them. 2, epidermis and dermis
The outer layer/more superficial layer of skin; thinner layer; stratified squamous
Epidermis
epithelium; has melanocytes; no blood vessels
Protects against water loss, harmful chemicals, mechanical injury, pathogens, trauma,
Functions of Epidermis
chemicals/toxins, & UV radiation
Inner layer/deeper layer of skin; thicker layer= dense regular and dense irregular
connective tissue; no melanocytes; has blood vessels; has wider variety of structures
Dermis (e.g. nerve endings for cutaneous senses like temperature, touch, and pain; sweat
glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles; arrector pili muscle, etc.); connective tissue
with collagenous & elastic fibers, muscle, blood, nervous tissue
Layer beneath dermis; insulating layer; areolar and adipose connective tissue; IT IS a
Subcutaneous Layer/Hypodermis layer of the integument, just not considered part of the skin; contains blood vessels
that supply skin
Stratum Basale Deepest sublayer of the epidermis, nourished by blood vessels in dermis
Process of hardening, helps prevent dehydration, and keratin accumulation that
Keratinization
occurs in epidermal cells as they migrate outward
Keratin Tough, fibrous, waterproof protein made and stored in the cells
Outermost sublayer of the epidermis; as cells reach outer surface, they become
Stratum Corneum
tightly packed, develop desmosomes
What kind of cells eventually shed from the Stratum Corneum Cells
skin surface?
Melanocytes are found in the: Stratum Basale
Melanocytes produce: Melanin
, Melanocytes absorbs ________ from UV light, Sunlight, Skin Color
____________ and provides _________________ _.
Melanin is distributed into ______ , to Keratinocytes
protect from UV radiation (DNA damage,
fibroblast damage, skin cancer)
Skin color results mainly from __________________ Melanin Pigment
__________________.
All people have same number of melanocytes, but vary in amount of melanin
Hereditary Factors to Skin Color: produced (this is under genetic control); Varying distribution and size of melanin
granules; Albinos inherit mutation in melanin genes, lack melanin
Enviromental Factors to Skin Color: Sunlight; UV light from sunlamps; X-rays
Oxygenation in blood of dermal blood vessels: pinkish, cyanosis - bluish appearance
due to deoxygenation of blood or sending more blood away from the skin;
Physiological Factors to Skin Color:
Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels; Accumulation of carotene
pigment from diet; Jaundice
Dermal Papillae Projections between epidermal ridges and dermis
Hair follicles, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands; Sensory Receptors: Lamellated
Dermis contains:
(Pacinian) corpuscles for pressure, Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles for light touch
Dermis binds: The epidermis to underlying tissues
The Dermis constists of ____ layers. Name 2; Papillary and Reticular
them.
Superficial layer of the dermis, areolar connective tissue; thinner than the reticular
Papillary Layer
layer; location of dermal papillae, which form fingerprints
Deeper layer of the dermis that contains dense irregular connective tissue; thicker
Reticular Layer
than the papillary layer
Accessory Structures Originate in the dermis; Extend into the Dermis or Hypodermis
Hair follicles, Hair, Sweat glands (merocrine/eccrine and aprocrine), Sebaceous
Accessory Structures of the Skin:
glands, and Nails
Invagination of the dermis and epidermis to form a sac-like structure/organ that
Hair Follicles
contains the hair root; extends into dermis or the subcutaneous layer
Thermal Insulation, improved upon with arrector pili muscle contractions; protection
Hair against trauma; protects against UV radiation; cosmetic/beautification factor; act as a
tripwire to detect bugs
Cosmetic/Beautification factor; protect against trauma, act as little tools; as as
Nails
defensive weapons
most abundant; makes watery sweat to cool body and rid the body of certain toxins;
Merocrine/Eccrine Sweat Glands
consists mainly of water, some salts; open to body surface through pores
secretions are metabolized by bacteria to create B.O.; located in axillary and groin
Apocrine Sweat Glands areas; open into hair follicles, called apocrine, but secrete by exocytosis; respond to
emotions, pain
Secrete sebum (consists of fatty material and cellular debris), conditions hair and skin
Sebaceous Glands to prevent excess dryness and cracking of skin; excess sebum can result in acne;
absent on palms and soles; usually associated with hair follicles
If accessory structures remain intact, Regenerate
injured/burned dermis can _______ _.
3 Parts of a Nail Nail plate, Nail bed, Nail matrix
