Bio 111 midterm 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: energy, cell membrane, regulation
Composed of: fatty acid tails, glycerol heads, carbon rings
Types: fats, phospholipids, sterols, waxes
Other: saturated/unsaturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, energy is stored in the many C-H bonds
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: energy, structure
Composed of: monosaccharides(simple sugars)
Types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Other: glucose # 1 src of energy
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: Structure, protection, regulation, contraction, transport
Composed of: amino acids(20)
Types: enzymes, structure, proteins, regulation, contraction, transport
Other: shape = function, half of the amino acids "essential amino acids" must come from diet
Nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: storage, transmission, translate genetic info, energy(ATP)
Composed of: nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
Types: DNA, RNA, ATP
Body Element Composition - CORRECT ANSWER - The "Big 4"
- Oxygen (65%)
, - Carbon (18.5%)
- Hydrogen (9.5%)
- Nitrogen (3%)
Ionic bonding - CORRECT ANSWER - type of bonding where one atom loses electons,
becomes + charged. The other atom gains these electrons and becomes - charged. The charge
difference attracts the two ions to one another. ex: NaCl
-medium strength in bond
Covelant bonding - CORRECT ANSWER - type of bonding where atoms share a pair or
pairs of electrons to fill the outermost shell. can be single/double/triple covalent bond Ex: H2O
-strongest bond
Hydrogen bonding - CORRECT ANSWER - type of bonding where an atom in one polar
covalent molecule is attracted to an oppositely charged atom in another polar covalent molecule.
-weak bond
Water Properties - CORRECT ANSWER - - Cohesion
- low density as solid
- high heat capacity (takes a lot of energy to heat up)
- good solvent
pH Scale - CORRECT ANSWER - measure H+ concentration of fluid. determines
whether or not a solution is more acidic or more basic.
Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - - 0-7 on pH scale
-more H+ ions
-fewer OH- ions
-H+ ions are very reactive
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: energy, cell membrane, regulation
Composed of: fatty acid tails, glycerol heads, carbon rings
Types: fats, phospholipids, sterols, waxes
Other: saturated/unsaturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, energy is stored in the many C-H bonds
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: energy, structure
Composed of: monosaccharides(simple sugars)
Types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Other: glucose # 1 src of energy
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: Structure, protection, regulation, contraction, transport
Composed of: amino acids(20)
Types: enzymes, structure, proteins, regulation, contraction, transport
Other: shape = function, half of the amino acids "essential amino acids" must come from diet
Nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER - key molecule in cells.
Function: storage, transmission, translate genetic info, energy(ATP)
Composed of: nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
Types: DNA, RNA, ATP
Body Element Composition - CORRECT ANSWER - The "Big 4"
- Oxygen (65%)
, - Carbon (18.5%)
- Hydrogen (9.5%)
- Nitrogen (3%)
Ionic bonding - CORRECT ANSWER - type of bonding where one atom loses electons,
becomes + charged. The other atom gains these electrons and becomes - charged. The charge
difference attracts the two ions to one another. ex: NaCl
-medium strength in bond
Covelant bonding - CORRECT ANSWER - type of bonding where atoms share a pair or
pairs of electrons to fill the outermost shell. can be single/double/triple covalent bond Ex: H2O
-strongest bond
Hydrogen bonding - CORRECT ANSWER - type of bonding where an atom in one polar
covalent molecule is attracted to an oppositely charged atom in another polar covalent molecule.
-weak bond
Water Properties - CORRECT ANSWER - - Cohesion
- low density as solid
- high heat capacity (takes a lot of energy to heat up)
- good solvent
pH Scale - CORRECT ANSWER - measure H+ concentration of fluid. determines
whether or not a solution is more acidic or more basic.
Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - - 0-7 on pH scale
-more H+ ions
-fewer OH- ions
-H+ ions are very reactive
