TEST BANK For Microbiology
Fundamentals A Clinical
Approach, 4th Edition (Cowan,
2022), | Verified Chapters 1 - 22
Updated, Complete
microbiology - Correct Answer-✔✔specialized area of biology that deals w/living things
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification
microorganisms - Correct Answer-✔✔microbes or microscopic organisms
microbes - Correct Answer-✔✔bacteria, algae, protozoa, helminths, fungi
viruses - Correct Answer-✔✔protein coated genetic elements, noncellular, parasitic and
dependent on their infected host
3 cell types - Correct Answer-✔✔bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea
basic structures of bacteria - Correct Answer-✔✔bacillus, coccus, spiral
protozoans - Correct Answer-✔✔diverse group of single-cell eukaryotic organisms
eukaryote - Correct Answer-✔✔complex single celled organism which arose from organisms
that existed 3.5 billion years ago. 10x larger than archaea and bacteria
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus. Only plants, algae, & fungi have
cell walls (protozoan & animal cells do not)
,prokaryote - Correct Answer-✔✔bacteria and archaea have no true nucleus - prenucleus -
ancestral cell evolution - Correct Answer-✔✔began approx 3.5 billion years ago and evolved into
eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria
evolution - Correct Answer-✔✔the accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they
adapt to their environments
photosynthesis - Correct Answer-✔✔light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic
material, forms oxygen - oxygenic photosynthesis -
bacteria and algae provide 70% of earth's photosynthesis
anoxygenic photosynthesis - Correct Answer-✔✔photosynthesis that doesn't produce oxygen -
precursor to oxygenic photosynthesis
decomposition - Correct Answer-✔✔breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple
compounds and directed back to natural cycles of living things
genetic engineering - Correct Answer-✔✔area of biotech that manipulates genetics of plants,
microbes, animals to create new products - GMOs
recombinant DNA technology - Correct Answer-✔✔transfer genetic material from one
organisms to another to alter DNA
bioremediation - Correct Answer-✔✔introduction of microbes into the environment to restore
stability/clean toxic pollutants
, organelles - Correct Answer-✔✔small double membrane bound structures in the eukaryotic cell,
performs specific functions and include a nucleus, mitochondria, chlorplasts
bacteria - Correct Answer-✔✔microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles,
but have cell walls containing peptidoglycan, protein, polysaccharides and lipids
archaea - Correct Answer-✔✔microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles, &
have cell walls containing protein, polysaccharides and lipids (no peptidoglycan)
taxonomy - Correct Answer-✔✔the science of classification of biological species, used to
organize all of the forms of modern and extinct life.
biological classification, in part reflects our understanding of evolution; thus, as technological
advances enhance and change our understanding of evolutionary schemes and biological
relationships, our classification methods may also change (e.g. lateral web-based vs.
linear/generational tree-based phylogeny).
-tool to study microbes-
Robert Hooke - Correct Answer-✔✔first described & kept records of microorganisms, such as
mold species growing on a leather surface, seen through his early homemade microscope in the
1660s. (Also coined the word "cell".)
Antonie van Leewenhoek - Correct Answer-✔✔in the 1600's used an even more powerful [than
Hooke's] self-made microscope (300X!) to observe & describe "animalcules" (single-celled
organisms including bacteria & protozoa) from surfaces that included never before cleaned
teeth.
Francesco Redi - Correct Answer-✔✔in the late 1660s, demonstrated that maggots aren't
formed from meat, because if it is covered, flies cannot land on it nor lay their eggs on it.
Fundamentals A Clinical
Approach, 4th Edition (Cowan,
2022), | Verified Chapters 1 - 22
Updated, Complete
microbiology - Correct Answer-✔✔specialized area of biology that deals w/living things
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification
microorganisms - Correct Answer-✔✔microbes or microscopic organisms
microbes - Correct Answer-✔✔bacteria, algae, protozoa, helminths, fungi
viruses - Correct Answer-✔✔protein coated genetic elements, noncellular, parasitic and
dependent on their infected host
3 cell types - Correct Answer-✔✔bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea
basic structures of bacteria - Correct Answer-✔✔bacillus, coccus, spiral
protozoans - Correct Answer-✔✔diverse group of single-cell eukaryotic organisms
eukaryote - Correct Answer-✔✔complex single celled organism which arose from organisms
that existed 3.5 billion years ago. 10x larger than archaea and bacteria
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus. Only plants, algae, & fungi have
cell walls (protozoan & animal cells do not)
,prokaryote - Correct Answer-✔✔bacteria and archaea have no true nucleus - prenucleus -
ancestral cell evolution - Correct Answer-✔✔began approx 3.5 billion years ago and evolved into
eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria
evolution - Correct Answer-✔✔the accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they
adapt to their environments
photosynthesis - Correct Answer-✔✔light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic
material, forms oxygen - oxygenic photosynthesis -
bacteria and algae provide 70% of earth's photosynthesis
anoxygenic photosynthesis - Correct Answer-✔✔photosynthesis that doesn't produce oxygen -
precursor to oxygenic photosynthesis
decomposition - Correct Answer-✔✔breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple
compounds and directed back to natural cycles of living things
genetic engineering - Correct Answer-✔✔area of biotech that manipulates genetics of plants,
microbes, animals to create new products - GMOs
recombinant DNA technology - Correct Answer-✔✔transfer genetic material from one
organisms to another to alter DNA
bioremediation - Correct Answer-✔✔introduction of microbes into the environment to restore
stability/clean toxic pollutants
, organelles - Correct Answer-✔✔small double membrane bound structures in the eukaryotic cell,
performs specific functions and include a nucleus, mitochondria, chlorplasts
bacteria - Correct Answer-✔✔microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles,
but have cell walls containing peptidoglycan, protein, polysaccharides and lipids
archaea - Correct Answer-✔✔microorganism smaller than eukarya, lack nucleus & organelles, &
have cell walls containing protein, polysaccharides and lipids (no peptidoglycan)
taxonomy - Correct Answer-✔✔the science of classification of biological species, used to
organize all of the forms of modern and extinct life.
biological classification, in part reflects our understanding of evolution; thus, as technological
advances enhance and change our understanding of evolutionary schemes and biological
relationships, our classification methods may also change (e.g. lateral web-based vs.
linear/generational tree-based phylogeny).
-tool to study microbes-
Robert Hooke - Correct Answer-✔✔first described & kept records of microorganisms, such as
mold species growing on a leather surface, seen through his early homemade microscope in the
1660s. (Also coined the word "cell".)
Antonie van Leewenhoek - Correct Answer-✔✔in the 1600's used an even more powerful [than
Hooke's] self-made microscope (300X!) to observe & describe "animalcules" (single-celled
organisms including bacteria & protozoa) from surfaces that included never before cleaned
teeth.
Francesco Redi - Correct Answer-✔✔in the late 1660s, demonstrated that maggots aren't
formed from meat, because if it is covered, flies cannot land on it nor lay their eggs on it.
