ATCB EXAM PREP STUDY GUIDE
In creating a "holding environment" and a "good enough mothering experience" an art
therapist is most closely following the principles of which of the following theorists? -
Answer -Winnicott
Theorists: Kramer - Answer -follower of the teachings of Sigmund Freud-especially the
idea of sublimation. Psychoanalytic theorist, believed in understanding the unconscious
impact of thoughts and feelings. She also put forth the notion that the healing factor of
successful art therapy was found within the art process, and believed that the
gratification achieved from the outcome of the final art product benefits the individual
undergoing art therapy
Theorist: Jung - Answer -Developed analytical psychology. Developed archetypes.
Each of these archetypes exists within every human, as they are part of the collective
unconscious.
Jung Archetypes: persona archetype - Answer -is the part of ourselves that shows up in
our daily interactions
Jung Archetypes: shadow - Answer -represents sexuality, primal instincts, and the
darker parts of our life that we tend to avoid sharing with the world
Jung Archetypes: anima and animus - Answer -account for how gender roles show up
in our lives, with the anima representing how the male psyche conceptualizes the
feminine and the animus representing how the female psyche conceptualizes the
masculine.
Jung Archetypes: self - Answer -is our truest essence of being. It is who we are when
we have integrated our subconscious with the conscious
Theorist: Karen Horney - Answer -believed that environment and social upbringing,
rather than intrinsic factors, largely lead to neurosis. Neurosis results from basic anxiety
caused by interpersonal relationships. Horney viewed neuroses as coping mechanisms
that are a large part of normal life. She identified ten neuroses, including the need for
power, affection, social prestige, and independence.
Victor Lowenfeld Stages of Artistic Development: scribble stage - Answer -ages 1-3. No
connection in drawings and no relation to real objects. May give name to scribble by
end of stage. Mostly the act of engaging in art making rather than realism.
Preschematic Stage - Answer -age 3-4; the second stage in children's art development,
which is marked by attempts to represent familiar objects in the environment. First stage
where children start to communicate through art.
, Schematic Stage - Answer -5-6 years. Defined order in creating a drawing. Clear
separation between land and sky. Objects often placed on ground rather than floating in
space. Objects of importance are drawn larger.
Dawning Realism - Answer -7 to 9 year olds children become more critical of art work,
more complex schemas and overlapping can be seen.
Pseudonaturalistic Stage - Answer -10-13. value and light can be seen. success is
determined by level of realism. Frustration is common, encouragement is needed.
Decision Stage - Answer -13-16 most critical. Children either continue or view as
activity without merit. Most critical stage of development.
Eriksonian Stages of Psychosocial Development: Trust Vs. Mistrust - Answer -age 0-2
developing a sense of trust in the world and those who are supposed to take care of
them.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer -age 2-4 developing a sense of
independence and personal control
Initiative vs. Guilt - Answer -4-5 developing a sense of purpose and motivation to try
new things.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer -5-12 success leads to feelings of competance.
Identity vs. Role Confusion - Answer -12-19 developing a strong sense of self
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer -20-40 ability to form loving and lasting relationships
with others.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer -40-65 Contributing to the world helps with a
feeling of accomplishment
Integrity vs. Despair - Answer -65- Death. Looking back on life with satisfaction (Or not)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - Answer -Cognitive therapy centers on identifying
and changing inaccurate or distorted thought patterns, emotional responses, and
behaviors.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) - Answer -addresses destructive or disturbing
thoughts and behaviors
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer -Physiological, safety, belonging and love, self
esteem, self actualization
In creating a "holding environment" and a "good enough mothering experience" an art
therapist is most closely following the principles of which of the following theorists? -
Answer -Winnicott
Theorists: Kramer - Answer -follower of the teachings of Sigmund Freud-especially the
idea of sublimation. Psychoanalytic theorist, believed in understanding the unconscious
impact of thoughts and feelings. She also put forth the notion that the healing factor of
successful art therapy was found within the art process, and believed that the
gratification achieved from the outcome of the final art product benefits the individual
undergoing art therapy
Theorist: Jung - Answer -Developed analytical psychology. Developed archetypes.
Each of these archetypes exists within every human, as they are part of the collective
unconscious.
Jung Archetypes: persona archetype - Answer -is the part of ourselves that shows up in
our daily interactions
Jung Archetypes: shadow - Answer -represents sexuality, primal instincts, and the
darker parts of our life that we tend to avoid sharing with the world
Jung Archetypes: anima and animus - Answer -account for how gender roles show up
in our lives, with the anima representing how the male psyche conceptualizes the
feminine and the animus representing how the female psyche conceptualizes the
masculine.
Jung Archetypes: self - Answer -is our truest essence of being. It is who we are when
we have integrated our subconscious with the conscious
Theorist: Karen Horney - Answer -believed that environment and social upbringing,
rather than intrinsic factors, largely lead to neurosis. Neurosis results from basic anxiety
caused by interpersonal relationships. Horney viewed neuroses as coping mechanisms
that are a large part of normal life. She identified ten neuroses, including the need for
power, affection, social prestige, and independence.
Victor Lowenfeld Stages of Artistic Development: scribble stage - Answer -ages 1-3. No
connection in drawings and no relation to real objects. May give name to scribble by
end of stage. Mostly the act of engaging in art making rather than realism.
Preschematic Stage - Answer -age 3-4; the second stage in children's art development,
which is marked by attempts to represent familiar objects in the environment. First stage
where children start to communicate through art.
, Schematic Stage - Answer -5-6 years. Defined order in creating a drawing. Clear
separation between land and sky. Objects often placed on ground rather than floating in
space. Objects of importance are drawn larger.
Dawning Realism - Answer -7 to 9 year olds children become more critical of art work,
more complex schemas and overlapping can be seen.
Pseudonaturalistic Stage - Answer -10-13. value and light can be seen. success is
determined by level of realism. Frustration is common, encouragement is needed.
Decision Stage - Answer -13-16 most critical. Children either continue or view as
activity without merit. Most critical stage of development.
Eriksonian Stages of Psychosocial Development: Trust Vs. Mistrust - Answer -age 0-2
developing a sense of trust in the world and those who are supposed to take care of
them.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer -age 2-4 developing a sense of
independence and personal control
Initiative vs. Guilt - Answer -4-5 developing a sense of purpose and motivation to try
new things.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer -5-12 success leads to feelings of competance.
Identity vs. Role Confusion - Answer -12-19 developing a strong sense of self
Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer -20-40 ability to form loving and lasting relationships
with others.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer -40-65 Contributing to the world helps with a
feeling of accomplishment
Integrity vs. Despair - Answer -65- Death. Looking back on life with satisfaction (Or not)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - Answer -Cognitive therapy centers on identifying
and changing inaccurate or distorted thought patterns, emotional responses, and
behaviors.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) - Answer -addresses destructive or disturbing
thoughts and behaviors
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer -Physiological, safety, belonging and love, self
esteem, self actualization
