ATCB EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Edith Kramer - Answer --art as therapy
-sublimation-primitive urges are transformed by the ego into socially
acceptable outlets
-adjunct therapist
Margaret Naumberg - Answer --"art psychotherapy"
-associated with psychoanalytic approach
-"dynamically oriented art therapy"
-primary therapist
Florence Cane - Answer -- Naumberg's sister
-The Artist in Each of US book
Elinor Ulman - Answer --balance the "art" and "therapy" of art therapy
-founder of the American Journal of Art Therapy
-the UPAP art therapy assessment
Edward Adamson - Answer -- "studio approach"
-Art as Healing book
- art therapist in England
-patients are encouraged to paint with very little interference or analysis
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer -Key Concepts: Id, ego, superego/ defense
mechanisms/ transference-countertransference/ free
association/ resolution of internal conflicts
Psychoanalytic Approach
Defense mechanisms of the Ego - Answer --automatic, unconscious strategies for
reducing anxiety
-avoidance, denial, disassociation, Displacement, fantasy, identification, identification
with the aggressor, intellectualization, introjection, isolation of affect, projection,
rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, symbolism, undoing
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer --founder of psychoanalysis
-Interpretation of Dreams book
-contributed to understanding of unconscious and formation of symbiosis
-by analyzing artwork, impact of early childhood experiences on the development of
adult personality
Ernst Kris
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer --"regression in service of the ego"
,-Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art book
Heinz Kohut
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer --Self Psychology
-empathetic response from the therapist to heal client's developing self
-Concept of "transmuting internalizations" and forming a "cohesive self"
-in treatment of pre-oedipal problems
-views art as a way to relieve pain and anxiety and build ego strength
Object Relations Approach - Answer -Key Concept:-Mental representations of the self
and other (the object)
-infant's intrapsychic experiences of being parented, structure of its inner world
-pre-oedipal is another term to describe this phase
DW Winicott
Object Relations Approach - Answer --pioneered school of object relations
-Transitional space (between mother & child, therapist & client)
-transitional object (blanket, teddy bear, also as relates to artwork)
-holding environment
-Winicott's Squiggle game (interactive projective scribble drawings)
Margaret Mahler
Object Relations Approach - Answer --theory of developmental stages of human
attachment
-normal autism- infant responds to mostly bodily sensations & internal stimuli
-normal symbiosis- caretaker & baby form attachment & are merged as one
-(hatching-dawning awareness of separateness from caretaker)
-rapproachment-child is drawn to and runs from caretaker; ambivalence
-separation/individuation- "object constancy", self of self and others as constant and
integrated beings
Melanie Klein
Object Relations Approach - Answer --explored early fantasy life of infant, projection
and introjections
-"splitting" as a psychological defense (good mother/bad mother)
-associated with borderline personality
Judith Rubin
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- Child Art Therapy book
-open art assessment
-"framework for freedom" balance between structure and looseness in art therapy
Sessions
Arthur Robbins
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- Pratt Institute
-Object Relations as a framework
, -"Psychoaesthetics" aesthetics of one's artwork reflect one's psychological makeup
Joy Schaverian
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- British art therapist
-symbolic "scapegoat"
Deborah Linesch
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- adolescents
-defense mechanisms in teenagers regression, displacement, asceticism,
intellectualization, isolation (separation of affect from content), and noncompromise
Myra Levick
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- the LECATA, based on Freud's defense
mechanisms
-defense mechanisms are used to measure the emotional development of the child
Jungian Approach - Answer -Key concepts-Archetypal Symbols- come from the
collective unconscious
-exaamples-the Self, the Hero, the Crone, the Animus/Anima, and the Shadow (rejected
or feared aspects of one's personality)
Active Imagination
Jungian Approach - Answer --observing internal images, dialoguing and interacting with
the images rather than simply analyzing them
Mandala
Jungian Approach - Answer --healing circle- form of healing and self actualization
Humanistic Approach - Answer -Humanism-the individual is complete and whole and
entire person must be considered in the
Treatment. "holistic therapy"
-goal is self realization and fulfillment. Honors individual's responsibility to live out one's
creative potential in a meaningful lifestyle
-not based on "deficiencies"
Fritz Perls
Humanistic Approach - Answer --Gestalt Therapy
-Developed in the 1960's
-"here and now"
-worked with dreams-each image in the dream is one aspect of the dreamer
-resolving "Unfinished business"
-used role play, "Hot seat", "empty chair" etc
Violet Oaklander
Humanistic Approach - Answer --Window to our children
-used gestalt therapy with kids using art and play
Edith Kramer - Answer --art as therapy
-sublimation-primitive urges are transformed by the ego into socially
acceptable outlets
-adjunct therapist
Margaret Naumberg - Answer --"art psychotherapy"
-associated with psychoanalytic approach
-"dynamically oriented art therapy"
-primary therapist
Florence Cane - Answer -- Naumberg's sister
-The Artist in Each of US book
Elinor Ulman - Answer --balance the "art" and "therapy" of art therapy
-founder of the American Journal of Art Therapy
-the UPAP art therapy assessment
Edward Adamson - Answer -- "studio approach"
-Art as Healing book
- art therapist in England
-patients are encouraged to paint with very little interference or analysis
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer -Key Concepts: Id, ego, superego/ defense
mechanisms/ transference-countertransference/ free
association/ resolution of internal conflicts
Psychoanalytic Approach
Defense mechanisms of the Ego - Answer --automatic, unconscious strategies for
reducing anxiety
-avoidance, denial, disassociation, Displacement, fantasy, identification, identification
with the aggressor, intellectualization, introjection, isolation of affect, projection,
rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, symbolism, undoing
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer --founder of psychoanalysis
-Interpretation of Dreams book
-contributed to understanding of unconscious and formation of symbiosis
-by analyzing artwork, impact of early childhood experiences on the development of
adult personality
Ernst Kris
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer --"regression in service of the ego"
,-Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art book
Heinz Kohut
Psychoanalytic Approach - Answer --Self Psychology
-empathetic response from the therapist to heal client's developing self
-Concept of "transmuting internalizations" and forming a "cohesive self"
-in treatment of pre-oedipal problems
-views art as a way to relieve pain and anxiety and build ego strength
Object Relations Approach - Answer -Key Concept:-Mental representations of the self
and other (the object)
-infant's intrapsychic experiences of being parented, structure of its inner world
-pre-oedipal is another term to describe this phase
DW Winicott
Object Relations Approach - Answer --pioneered school of object relations
-Transitional space (between mother & child, therapist & client)
-transitional object (blanket, teddy bear, also as relates to artwork)
-holding environment
-Winicott's Squiggle game (interactive projective scribble drawings)
Margaret Mahler
Object Relations Approach - Answer --theory of developmental stages of human
attachment
-normal autism- infant responds to mostly bodily sensations & internal stimuli
-normal symbiosis- caretaker & baby form attachment & are merged as one
-(hatching-dawning awareness of separateness from caretaker)
-rapproachment-child is drawn to and runs from caretaker; ambivalence
-separation/individuation- "object constancy", self of self and others as constant and
integrated beings
Melanie Klein
Object Relations Approach - Answer --explored early fantasy life of infant, projection
and introjections
-"splitting" as a psychological defense (good mother/bad mother)
-associated with borderline personality
Judith Rubin
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- Child Art Therapy book
-open art assessment
-"framework for freedom" balance between structure and looseness in art therapy
Sessions
Arthur Robbins
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- Pratt Institute
-Object Relations as a framework
, -"Psychoaesthetics" aesthetics of one's artwork reflect one's psychological makeup
Joy Schaverian
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- British art therapist
-symbolic "scapegoat"
Deborah Linesch
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- adolescents
-defense mechanisms in teenagers regression, displacement, asceticism,
intellectualization, isolation (separation of affect from content), and noncompromise
Myra Levick
Psychoanalytic Art Therapist - Answer -- the LECATA, based on Freud's defense
mechanisms
-defense mechanisms are used to measure the emotional development of the child
Jungian Approach - Answer -Key concepts-Archetypal Symbols- come from the
collective unconscious
-exaamples-the Self, the Hero, the Crone, the Animus/Anima, and the Shadow (rejected
or feared aspects of one's personality)
Active Imagination
Jungian Approach - Answer --observing internal images, dialoguing and interacting with
the images rather than simply analyzing them
Mandala
Jungian Approach - Answer --healing circle- form of healing and self actualization
Humanistic Approach - Answer -Humanism-the individual is complete and whole and
entire person must be considered in the
Treatment. "holistic therapy"
-goal is self realization and fulfillment. Honors individual's responsibility to live out one's
creative potential in a meaningful lifestyle
-not based on "deficiencies"
Fritz Perls
Humanistic Approach - Answer --Gestalt Therapy
-Developed in the 1960's
-"here and now"
-worked with dreams-each image in the dream is one aspect of the dreamer
-resolving "Unfinished business"
-used role play, "Hot seat", "empty chair" etc
Violet Oaklander
Humanistic Approach - Answer --Window to our children
-used gestalt therapy with kids using art and play
