TEXES 181 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔Down syndrome - ✔✔lower/weaker muscle tone/hypotonia
May not develop physical coordination, balance, and proprioception
Oral-motor skills are slower
small noses
short, stubby fingers
short, thick necks
small heads
celiac disease (gluten intolerance)
gastroesophageal reflux
hypothyroidism
hearing and vision problems
✔✔Waardenburg Syndrome - ✔✔associated with sensorineural hearing loss and
pigmentary changes of the hair and eyes (white forelock and two different irises) wide
space between eyes.
✔✔Alport syndrome - ✔✔X-linked defect in Type IV collagen. Associated with abnormal
functions of the kidneys, sensorineural hearing loss and ocular disturbances.
✔✔Treacher Collins Syndrome - ✔✔An inherited genetic disorder with conductive or
mixed hearing loss associated with differences of the mid-facial area and external ears
✔✔Crouzon Syndrome - ✔✔Conductive or mixed hearing loss associated with bulging
eyes, underdevelopment of mid-face and recessed jaws.
✔✔Bronchio-oto-renal Syndrome - ✔✔Conductive or mixed hearing loss associated
with pit formations in front of ears, a cyst under the skin along with side of neck, which is
residual of embryonic development and poor development of kidneys.
✔✔Autosomal Recessive Hearing Loss - ✔✔Both parents may have normal hearing
and there is a 25% chance the offspring will develop a hearing loss. HL may not be
present in all generations.
✔✔Usher Syndrome - ✔✔Hearing loss associated with pigmentation changes in the
retina of the eye and visual abnormalities, including blindness. There are 5 types.
✔✔Jervell-Lange-Nielsen Syndome - ✔✔Hearing loss associated with cardiac
abnormalities
✔✔Pendred Syndrome - ✔✔Genetic autosomal recessive disorder that can lead to
congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with enlarged thyroid
,✔✔Nonsyndromatic hearing loss - ✔✔hearing loss with no other organ abnormalities,
present in 2/3 children with genetic hearing loss.
✔✔Autosomal Dominant Hearing Loss - ✔✔At least one parent as a hearing loss and
there is a 50% change that the offspring will acquire a hearing loss. Ex: Connexin 26
Gene Defect, Familial Delay Onset Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
✔✔Classification of Hearing Loss - ✔✔1) based on the location of the Disease within
the Ear
-Conductive HL -SNHL -Mixed HL -Auditory Neuropathy
2) Based on the onset of hearing loss in relationship to speech development -Prelingual
-Postlingual
3) Based on the cause of the hearing loss
-Genetic Hearing Loss -Nongenetic Hearing Loss
✔✔Neurofibromatosis II - ✔✔Associated with bilateral tumors of the auditory nerve and
nodular growths on the skin, sensorineural hearing loss.
✔✔Accommodations for blind students - ✔✔braille, computer text-to-speech software,
orientation and mobility specialists,
✔✔Orientation and Mobility Specialists - ✔✔teach blind students how to get around in
indoor and outdoor settings.
✔✔Activities of Daily Living - ✔✔self-feeding, toileting, walking
✔✔Rubric - ✔✔used to describe an assessment tool that provides performance level
categories and descriptors for ranges of performance in each category.
✔✔Observation-based assessment - ✔✔enables the evaluator to see the student's
performance in a variety of contexts.
✔✔Depakote - ✔✔an anticonvulsive prescribed to control seizures.
✔✔Pulmozyme - ✔✔a medicine for a patient who has cystic fibrosis. It makes the lung
secretions thinner and thus less likely to obstruct breathing, and also decreases the
patient's risk of respiratory tract infections.
✔✔Pure-tone audiometry - ✔✔is used to measure hearing sensitivity thresholds.
✔✔Overgeneralizing - ✔✔naming many objects with one word like calling all vehicles
, ✔✔What is the difference between deaf and hearing students? - ✔✔Deaf students rely
on exclusively on visual cues like facial expressions, gestures, and body language; and
in ASL while hearing students rely on auditory input.
✔✔Progressive Disabilities - ✔✔dementia, degenerative arthritis
✔✔Relapsing Disabilities - ✔✔cancer epilepsy- require less continual care but more
ability to shift suddenly from normal to crisis mode and rapidly activate resources
✔✔Congenital Disabilities - ✔✔shape the identity and life of a child, so the child and
family are not required to adjust to a sudden loss of function.
✔✔Spina bifida - ✔✔the neural tube that will become the baby's brain, spinal cord and
enclosing tissues does not close completely. Treatment: surgery, exercises preparing
for later assisted walking.
✔✔Muscular dystrophy - ✔✔a genetic condition, makes muscle fibers
unusually vulnerable to damage, causing progressive weakness, breathing/swallowing
difficulties/ limb contractures.
✔✔Cystic fibrosis - ✔✔a genetic defect that makes normally thin, slippery secretory
juices become thick and sticky. These fluids, which normally lubricate the tissues, when
thicken obstruct passage ways, ducts, and tubes, particularly in the lungs and pancreas.
Treatment: antibiotics, muscus thinning meds, bronchodilators, vibrating vests,
breathing exercises, nutritional counseling, energy-conserving techniques, and oxygen
therapy.
✔✔reliability - ✔✔consistency of an assessment and instruments' data across repeated
administrations of the tests.
✔✔validity - ✔✔whether a test measures what it claims and intends to measure.
Various validities: content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, concurrent validity,
predictive validity.
✔✔Generalizability - ✔✔the consistency of the test scores over repeated
administrations, but it moverover refers to the specific features of a certain test.
✔✔compensatory grading - ✔✔the practice of balancing out tower performance in one
area or subject with higher performance in another
✔✔Noncompensatory grading - ✔✔does not permit such balancing but requires a
similar standard of achievement in each area or subject.
GRADED A+
✔✔Down syndrome - ✔✔lower/weaker muscle tone/hypotonia
May not develop physical coordination, balance, and proprioception
Oral-motor skills are slower
small noses
short, stubby fingers
short, thick necks
small heads
celiac disease (gluten intolerance)
gastroesophageal reflux
hypothyroidism
hearing and vision problems
✔✔Waardenburg Syndrome - ✔✔associated with sensorineural hearing loss and
pigmentary changes of the hair and eyes (white forelock and two different irises) wide
space between eyes.
✔✔Alport syndrome - ✔✔X-linked defect in Type IV collagen. Associated with abnormal
functions of the kidneys, sensorineural hearing loss and ocular disturbances.
✔✔Treacher Collins Syndrome - ✔✔An inherited genetic disorder with conductive or
mixed hearing loss associated with differences of the mid-facial area and external ears
✔✔Crouzon Syndrome - ✔✔Conductive or mixed hearing loss associated with bulging
eyes, underdevelopment of mid-face and recessed jaws.
✔✔Bronchio-oto-renal Syndrome - ✔✔Conductive or mixed hearing loss associated
with pit formations in front of ears, a cyst under the skin along with side of neck, which is
residual of embryonic development and poor development of kidneys.
✔✔Autosomal Recessive Hearing Loss - ✔✔Both parents may have normal hearing
and there is a 25% chance the offspring will develop a hearing loss. HL may not be
present in all generations.
✔✔Usher Syndrome - ✔✔Hearing loss associated with pigmentation changes in the
retina of the eye and visual abnormalities, including blindness. There are 5 types.
✔✔Jervell-Lange-Nielsen Syndome - ✔✔Hearing loss associated with cardiac
abnormalities
✔✔Pendred Syndrome - ✔✔Genetic autosomal recessive disorder that can lead to
congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with enlarged thyroid
,✔✔Nonsyndromatic hearing loss - ✔✔hearing loss with no other organ abnormalities,
present in 2/3 children with genetic hearing loss.
✔✔Autosomal Dominant Hearing Loss - ✔✔At least one parent as a hearing loss and
there is a 50% change that the offspring will acquire a hearing loss. Ex: Connexin 26
Gene Defect, Familial Delay Onset Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
✔✔Classification of Hearing Loss - ✔✔1) based on the location of the Disease within
the Ear
-Conductive HL -SNHL -Mixed HL -Auditory Neuropathy
2) Based on the onset of hearing loss in relationship to speech development -Prelingual
-Postlingual
3) Based on the cause of the hearing loss
-Genetic Hearing Loss -Nongenetic Hearing Loss
✔✔Neurofibromatosis II - ✔✔Associated with bilateral tumors of the auditory nerve and
nodular growths on the skin, sensorineural hearing loss.
✔✔Accommodations for blind students - ✔✔braille, computer text-to-speech software,
orientation and mobility specialists,
✔✔Orientation and Mobility Specialists - ✔✔teach blind students how to get around in
indoor and outdoor settings.
✔✔Activities of Daily Living - ✔✔self-feeding, toileting, walking
✔✔Rubric - ✔✔used to describe an assessment tool that provides performance level
categories and descriptors for ranges of performance in each category.
✔✔Observation-based assessment - ✔✔enables the evaluator to see the student's
performance in a variety of contexts.
✔✔Depakote - ✔✔an anticonvulsive prescribed to control seizures.
✔✔Pulmozyme - ✔✔a medicine for a patient who has cystic fibrosis. It makes the lung
secretions thinner and thus less likely to obstruct breathing, and also decreases the
patient's risk of respiratory tract infections.
✔✔Pure-tone audiometry - ✔✔is used to measure hearing sensitivity thresholds.
✔✔Overgeneralizing - ✔✔naming many objects with one word like calling all vehicles
, ✔✔What is the difference between deaf and hearing students? - ✔✔Deaf students rely
on exclusively on visual cues like facial expressions, gestures, and body language; and
in ASL while hearing students rely on auditory input.
✔✔Progressive Disabilities - ✔✔dementia, degenerative arthritis
✔✔Relapsing Disabilities - ✔✔cancer epilepsy- require less continual care but more
ability to shift suddenly from normal to crisis mode and rapidly activate resources
✔✔Congenital Disabilities - ✔✔shape the identity and life of a child, so the child and
family are not required to adjust to a sudden loss of function.
✔✔Spina bifida - ✔✔the neural tube that will become the baby's brain, spinal cord and
enclosing tissues does not close completely. Treatment: surgery, exercises preparing
for later assisted walking.
✔✔Muscular dystrophy - ✔✔a genetic condition, makes muscle fibers
unusually vulnerable to damage, causing progressive weakness, breathing/swallowing
difficulties/ limb contractures.
✔✔Cystic fibrosis - ✔✔a genetic defect that makes normally thin, slippery secretory
juices become thick and sticky. These fluids, which normally lubricate the tissues, when
thicken obstruct passage ways, ducts, and tubes, particularly in the lungs and pancreas.
Treatment: antibiotics, muscus thinning meds, bronchodilators, vibrating vests,
breathing exercises, nutritional counseling, energy-conserving techniques, and oxygen
therapy.
✔✔reliability - ✔✔consistency of an assessment and instruments' data across repeated
administrations of the tests.
✔✔validity - ✔✔whether a test measures what it claims and intends to measure.
Various validities: content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, concurrent validity,
predictive validity.
✔✔Generalizability - ✔✔the consistency of the test scores over repeated
administrations, but it moverover refers to the specific features of a certain test.
✔✔compensatory grading - ✔✔the practice of balancing out tower performance in one
area or subject with higher performance in another
✔✔Noncompensatory grading - ✔✔does not permit such balancing but requires a
similar standard of achievement in each area or subject.
