10/30/25, 1:54 PM Hondros Bio 253 exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
Science Biology Neuroscience
Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
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AP Psych Bio Module 12 Vocab NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM REFINED PY-413 Midterm 1 Brain &
13 terms 26 terms 230 terms 65 terms
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Terms in this set (350)
Neurons (Chapter 18) Communicating Cells
-contains ribosomes, rough endoplasmic er, Golgi
apparatus
Cell body
-Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesticles
-provide proteins for nerve fibers
- each neuron has 1 axon
-carries impulses to target cells
Axon
Integrates incoming signals
Axon Hillock
-microtubules of microfilaments, as well as
neurofibrils (budles of neufilaments)
Cytoskeleton
-allows transport of small organelles
-Multipolar (motor are typically multipolar)
Bipolar(rare, think of retina)
Classifications of neurons
Unipolar(pseudounipolar)(sensory are usually
unipolar
Neurons have a limited capacity to repair -If the damage is not extensive, the cell body and the neurilemma are intact, and
themselves scarring has not occurred than nerve fibers can be repaired
https://quizlet.com/547996268/hondros-bio-253-exam-2-flash-cards/ 1/8
, 10/30/25, 1:54 PM Hondros Bio 253 exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
-after injury distal portion of the axon and myelin
sheath degenerate
-Macrophages remove debris
Stages of neuron repair -remaining neurilemma and endoneurium form a
tunnel from the point of injury to the effector
-new Shawanna cells can grow in the tunnel to
maintain a path of regrowth for the axon
The supporting cells of the central nervous system
/ 5 types
Glia
-Starshaped, Largest and most numerous type of
glia
-cell extensions connect to neurons and capillaries
Astrocytes
-transfers the nutrients from the blood to the
neuron.
-helps form and operate synapse
-small usually stationary cells
-phagocytes
Microglia
-lined fluid filled cavities in the CNS
-make and circulate Cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
-smaller than astrocytes and have fewer processes
-hold the nerve fibers together
Oligodendrocytes
-producer the myelin sheath
-Found only in Peripheral neurons
-Supportive nerve fibers and form the myelin
Neuroglia: Schwann Cells
sheaths
-gaps between the segments and the Nodes of
Ranvier
Myelin sheaths
-Made is segments by glia cells
oligodendrocytes located in the CNS
Located in the PNS
Schwann Cells
-consists of the brain and spinal cord
-structural and center of the entire nervous system
central nervous system
-Main function is evaluation
Nerves that are the outlier of the body
-Cranial nerves originate from the brain
peripheral nervous system
-spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord
https://quizlet.com/547996268/hondros-bio-253-exam-2-flash-cards/ 2/8
Science Biology Neuroscience
Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
5.0 (1 review)
Save
Students also studied
AP Psych Bio Module 12 Vocab NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM REFINED PY-413 Midterm 1 Brain &
13 terms 26 terms 230 terms 65 terms
ggb5jwccgm Preview CatFisher16 Preview dfajardo23 Preview Kim
Terms in this set (350)
Neurons (Chapter 18) Communicating Cells
-contains ribosomes, rough endoplasmic er, Golgi
apparatus
Cell body
-Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesticles
-provide proteins for nerve fibers
- each neuron has 1 axon
-carries impulses to target cells
Axon
Integrates incoming signals
Axon Hillock
-microtubules of microfilaments, as well as
neurofibrils (budles of neufilaments)
Cytoskeleton
-allows transport of small organelles
-Multipolar (motor are typically multipolar)
Bipolar(rare, think of retina)
Classifications of neurons
Unipolar(pseudounipolar)(sensory are usually
unipolar
Neurons have a limited capacity to repair -If the damage is not extensive, the cell body and the neurilemma are intact, and
themselves scarring has not occurred than nerve fibers can be repaired
https://quizlet.com/547996268/hondros-bio-253-exam-2-flash-cards/ 1/8
, 10/30/25, 1:54 PM Hondros Bio 253 exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
-after injury distal portion of the axon and myelin
sheath degenerate
-Macrophages remove debris
Stages of neuron repair -remaining neurilemma and endoneurium form a
tunnel from the point of injury to the effector
-new Shawanna cells can grow in the tunnel to
maintain a path of regrowth for the axon
The supporting cells of the central nervous system
/ 5 types
Glia
-Starshaped, Largest and most numerous type of
glia
-cell extensions connect to neurons and capillaries
Astrocytes
-transfers the nutrients from the blood to the
neuron.
-helps form and operate synapse
-small usually stationary cells
-phagocytes
Microglia
-lined fluid filled cavities in the CNS
-make and circulate Cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
-smaller than astrocytes and have fewer processes
-hold the nerve fibers together
Oligodendrocytes
-producer the myelin sheath
-Found only in Peripheral neurons
-Supportive nerve fibers and form the myelin
Neuroglia: Schwann Cells
sheaths
-gaps between the segments and the Nodes of
Ranvier
Myelin sheaths
-Made is segments by glia cells
oligodendrocytes located in the CNS
Located in the PNS
Schwann Cells
-consists of the brain and spinal cord
-structural and center of the entire nervous system
central nervous system
-Main function is evaluation
Nerves that are the outlier of the body
-Cranial nerves originate from the brain
peripheral nervous system
-spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord
https://quizlet.com/547996268/hondros-bio-253-exam-2-flash-cards/ 2/8
