HNG 540 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
✔✔Patient education for PPI - ✔✔Take PPI 30 mins before meals
Older patients (especially women) are at risk of developing osteoporosis if on long term
PPI use
Monitor patients on long term PPI for iron and B12 levels
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of prokinetics? - ✔✔*Stimulate the motility of the GI
tract* without stimulating gastric, biliary or pancreatic secretions
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Metoclopramide (Reglan) (Prokinetic)? -
✔✔stimulates motility in the upper GI tract
✔✔What is the mechanism of action for Loperamide (Imodium)? - ✔✔binds to the
opiate receptor in the gut wall. Consequently, it inhibits the release of acetylcholine and
prostaglandins, thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis and increasing intestinal transit
time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter, thereby reducing
incontinence and urgency.
✔✔What drug class is Loperamide (Imodium)? - ✔✔Antidiarrheal
✔✔What is Imodium used to treat? - ✔✔*diarrhea associated with EBD and travelers
diarrhea*
✔✔What class of drug is Ondansetron (Zofran)? - ✔✔*Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor
agonists*
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Ondansetron (Zofran)? - ✔✔It works by blocking
the action of serotonin, a natural substance that may cause nausea and vomiting
✔✔What patient population is Ondansetron prescribed for frequently? - ✔✔*Chemo
patients*
✔✔What is important patient education for Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)? -
✔✔*Patients should be counseled regarding pronounced drowsiness, avoiding alcohol
and other sedatives and exercising caution when operating motor vehicles*
✔✔What is Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) indicated for? - ✔✔nausea, vomiting or
vertigo of motion sickness. It has a short duration of action of 4-8 hours
✔✔What is the use of Sucralfate (Carafate)? - ✔✔*A medication that treats and
prevents stomach ulcers*
, ✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Sucralfate (Carafate)? - ✔✔buffers acid, inhibits
pepsin action, absorbs bile salts.
✔✔What type of laxative is dulcolax? - ✔✔Simulant laxative
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of dulcolax? - ✔✔increases the amount of
fluid/salts in the intestines. It has a dual-action effect, stimulates bowel muscles, and
hydrates the intestine, utilizing water in the body to soften stool.
✔✔What kind of laxative is magnesium hydroxide? - ✔✔Osmotic laxative
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of magnesium hydroxide? - ✔✔increases the
osmotic effect in the intestinal tract and draws water in. This creates distension of the
colon, increasing peristaltic movement and bowel evacuation.
✔✔How fast do osmotic laxatives work? - ✔✔30 mins to 6 hours
✔✔What type of laxative is Metamucil? - ✔✔Bulk-producing psyllium
✔✔What is the mechanism of action for bulk-forming laxatives? - ✔✔not digested but
absorb liquid in the intestines and swell to form a soft, bulky stool. The presence of this
bulky substance stimulates the bowel. Some bulk-forming laxatives, like psyllium and
polycarbophil, may be prescribed to treat diarrhea.
✔✔What type of laxative is mineral oil? - ✔✔lubricant
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of mineral oil? - ✔✔retards colonic absorption of
fecal water and softens the stool
✔✔What is the onset of action for oral mineral oil? - ✔✔6-8 hours
✔✔What is the laxative of choice for chronic constipation? - ✔✔Metamucil
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Docusate (Colace)? - ✔✔lowers the surface
tension at the oil-water interface of the feces allowing water and lipids to penetrate the
stool. This helps to hydrate and soften the fecal material, facilitating natural defecation.
✔✔What type of laxative is docusate (colace)? - ✔✔anionic surfactant
✔✔What type of laxative is glycerin? - ✔✔Hyperosmolar
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of glycerin? - ✔✔It works in the colon by causing a
local irritant effect as well as by drawing water into the intestines softening the stool.
A+
✔✔Patient education for PPI - ✔✔Take PPI 30 mins before meals
Older patients (especially women) are at risk of developing osteoporosis if on long term
PPI use
Monitor patients on long term PPI for iron and B12 levels
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of prokinetics? - ✔✔*Stimulate the motility of the GI
tract* without stimulating gastric, biliary or pancreatic secretions
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Metoclopramide (Reglan) (Prokinetic)? -
✔✔stimulates motility in the upper GI tract
✔✔What is the mechanism of action for Loperamide (Imodium)? - ✔✔binds to the
opiate receptor in the gut wall. Consequently, it inhibits the release of acetylcholine and
prostaglandins, thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis and increasing intestinal transit
time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter, thereby reducing
incontinence and urgency.
✔✔What drug class is Loperamide (Imodium)? - ✔✔Antidiarrheal
✔✔What is Imodium used to treat? - ✔✔*diarrhea associated with EBD and travelers
diarrhea*
✔✔What class of drug is Ondansetron (Zofran)? - ✔✔*Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor
agonists*
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Ondansetron (Zofran)? - ✔✔It works by blocking
the action of serotonin, a natural substance that may cause nausea and vomiting
✔✔What patient population is Ondansetron prescribed for frequently? - ✔✔*Chemo
patients*
✔✔What is important patient education for Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)? -
✔✔*Patients should be counseled regarding pronounced drowsiness, avoiding alcohol
and other sedatives and exercising caution when operating motor vehicles*
✔✔What is Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) indicated for? - ✔✔nausea, vomiting or
vertigo of motion sickness. It has a short duration of action of 4-8 hours
✔✔What is the use of Sucralfate (Carafate)? - ✔✔*A medication that treats and
prevents stomach ulcers*
, ✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Sucralfate (Carafate)? - ✔✔buffers acid, inhibits
pepsin action, absorbs bile salts.
✔✔What type of laxative is dulcolax? - ✔✔Simulant laxative
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of dulcolax? - ✔✔increases the amount of
fluid/salts in the intestines. It has a dual-action effect, stimulates bowel muscles, and
hydrates the intestine, utilizing water in the body to soften stool.
✔✔What kind of laxative is magnesium hydroxide? - ✔✔Osmotic laxative
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of magnesium hydroxide? - ✔✔increases the
osmotic effect in the intestinal tract and draws water in. This creates distension of the
colon, increasing peristaltic movement and bowel evacuation.
✔✔How fast do osmotic laxatives work? - ✔✔30 mins to 6 hours
✔✔What type of laxative is Metamucil? - ✔✔Bulk-producing psyllium
✔✔What is the mechanism of action for bulk-forming laxatives? - ✔✔not digested but
absorb liquid in the intestines and swell to form a soft, bulky stool. The presence of this
bulky substance stimulates the bowel. Some bulk-forming laxatives, like psyllium and
polycarbophil, may be prescribed to treat diarrhea.
✔✔What type of laxative is mineral oil? - ✔✔lubricant
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of mineral oil? - ✔✔retards colonic absorption of
fecal water and softens the stool
✔✔What is the onset of action for oral mineral oil? - ✔✔6-8 hours
✔✔What is the laxative of choice for chronic constipation? - ✔✔Metamucil
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of Docusate (Colace)? - ✔✔lowers the surface
tension at the oil-water interface of the feces allowing water and lipids to penetrate the
stool. This helps to hydrate and soften the fecal material, facilitating natural defecation.
✔✔What type of laxative is docusate (colace)? - ✔✔anionic surfactant
✔✔What type of laxative is glycerin? - ✔✔Hyperosmolar
✔✔What is the mechanism of action of glycerin? - ✔✔It works in the colon by causing a
local irritant effect as well as by drawing water into the intestines softening the stool.
