HNG 540 EXAMS EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔What do proton pump inhibitors treat? - ✔✔used for erosive gastritis, GERD, and
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; and as a part of a treatment of active PUD especially with
duodenal ulcers caused by helicobacter pylori
✔✔What PPIs are approved for SHORT term use in children as young a 1 year of age?
- ✔✔OMEPRAZOLE, LANSOPRAZOLE and esmeprazole
✔✔What PPI is NOT approved in children five years of age and younger? -
✔✔pantoprazole
✔✔patient education for PPIs - ✔✔- take 30 minutes before meals
- older patients (especially women) are at risk of developing osteoporosis if on long term
- monitor long term patients for iron and vitamin b12 levels
✔✔patients who take PPIs for 2 years or more are at an increased risk of... - ✔✔vitamin
B12 deficiency
✔✔Prokinetic Agents - ✔✔Metoclopramide (Reglan)
✔✔what do prokinetic agents do? - ✔✔stimulate motility of the GI tract without
stimualting gastric, biliary, or pancreatic enzymes
✔✔What is the action of metoclopramide - ✔✔stimualtes motility in the upper GI tract;
also some actions similar to the phenothiazines and dopamine antagonists
✔✔example of an antidiarrheal - ✔✔Loperamide (Immodium)
✔✔action of loperamide - ✔✔binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall; inhibits the
release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis and
increasing intestinal transit time; increases the tone of the anal sphincter thereby
reducing incontinence and urgency
✔✔What is immodium used for? - ✔✔to treat diarrhea associated with IBD and travelers
diarrhea
✔✔example of antiemetics - ✔✔Ondansetron (Zofran) & dimenhydrinate(dramamine)
✔✔what is ondansetron indicated for? - ✔✔nausea and vomiting
✔✔Drug class: ondansetron - ✔✔5-HT3 receptor antagonists
, ✔✔mechanism of action of ondansetron - ✔✔blocks the action of serotonin, which
naturally can cause nausea and vomiting
✔✔indication of dimenhydrinate - ✔✔prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, or
vertigo of motion sickness
✔✔duration of dimenhydrinate (dramamine) - ✔✔4-8 hours
✔✔Patient education for dimenhydrinate (dramamine) - ✔✔- should be counseled
regarding pronounced drowsiness
- avoid alcohol and other sedatives
- exercise caution when operating motor vehicles
✔✔Examples of cytoprotective agents - ✔✔sucralfate (carafate)
✔✔What is sucralfate also known as? - ✔✔carafate
✔✔What drug class in sucralfate (carafate) - ✔✔cytoprotective agents
✔✔Action of Sucralfate - ✔✔buffers acid, inhibits pepsin action and absorbs bile salts
✔✔What do the properties of sucralfate enable? - ✔✔enable the drug to acts as an
effective barrier to the penetration of acid, pepsin and bile salts
✔✔Indication for sucralfate - ✔✔TREATS AND PREVENTS stomach uclers
✔✔Examples of simulant laxatives - ✔✔bisacodyl (dulcolax)
✔✔another name for bisacodyl - ✔✔Dulcolax
✔✔Action of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) - ✔✔increases the amount of fluid/salts in the
intestines; dual effect stimulates bowel muscles and hydrates the intestine, utilizing
water in the body to softens tool
✔✔Example of an osmotic laxative - ✔✔magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium citrate
✔✔action of magnesium hydroxide - ✔✔increases the osmotic effect in the intestinal
tract and draws water in
✔✔effects of magnesium hydroxide - ✔✔action creates distension of the colon,
increasing perstaltic movement and bowel evacuation
✔✔how long does an osmotic laxative take to produce a bowel movement? - ✔✔30
minutes to 6 hours
GRADED A+
✔✔What do proton pump inhibitors treat? - ✔✔used for erosive gastritis, GERD, and
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; and as a part of a treatment of active PUD especially with
duodenal ulcers caused by helicobacter pylori
✔✔What PPIs are approved for SHORT term use in children as young a 1 year of age?
- ✔✔OMEPRAZOLE, LANSOPRAZOLE and esmeprazole
✔✔What PPI is NOT approved in children five years of age and younger? -
✔✔pantoprazole
✔✔patient education for PPIs - ✔✔- take 30 minutes before meals
- older patients (especially women) are at risk of developing osteoporosis if on long term
- monitor long term patients for iron and vitamin b12 levels
✔✔patients who take PPIs for 2 years or more are at an increased risk of... - ✔✔vitamin
B12 deficiency
✔✔Prokinetic Agents - ✔✔Metoclopramide (Reglan)
✔✔what do prokinetic agents do? - ✔✔stimulate motility of the GI tract without
stimualting gastric, biliary, or pancreatic enzymes
✔✔What is the action of metoclopramide - ✔✔stimualtes motility in the upper GI tract;
also some actions similar to the phenothiazines and dopamine antagonists
✔✔example of an antidiarrheal - ✔✔Loperamide (Immodium)
✔✔action of loperamide - ✔✔binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall; inhibits the
release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis and
increasing intestinal transit time; increases the tone of the anal sphincter thereby
reducing incontinence and urgency
✔✔What is immodium used for? - ✔✔to treat diarrhea associated with IBD and travelers
diarrhea
✔✔example of antiemetics - ✔✔Ondansetron (Zofran) & dimenhydrinate(dramamine)
✔✔what is ondansetron indicated for? - ✔✔nausea and vomiting
✔✔Drug class: ondansetron - ✔✔5-HT3 receptor antagonists
, ✔✔mechanism of action of ondansetron - ✔✔blocks the action of serotonin, which
naturally can cause nausea and vomiting
✔✔indication of dimenhydrinate - ✔✔prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, or
vertigo of motion sickness
✔✔duration of dimenhydrinate (dramamine) - ✔✔4-8 hours
✔✔Patient education for dimenhydrinate (dramamine) - ✔✔- should be counseled
regarding pronounced drowsiness
- avoid alcohol and other sedatives
- exercise caution when operating motor vehicles
✔✔Examples of cytoprotective agents - ✔✔sucralfate (carafate)
✔✔What is sucralfate also known as? - ✔✔carafate
✔✔What drug class in sucralfate (carafate) - ✔✔cytoprotective agents
✔✔Action of Sucralfate - ✔✔buffers acid, inhibits pepsin action and absorbs bile salts
✔✔What do the properties of sucralfate enable? - ✔✔enable the drug to acts as an
effective barrier to the penetration of acid, pepsin and bile salts
✔✔Indication for sucralfate - ✔✔TREATS AND PREVENTS stomach uclers
✔✔Examples of simulant laxatives - ✔✔bisacodyl (dulcolax)
✔✔another name for bisacodyl - ✔✔Dulcolax
✔✔Action of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) - ✔✔increases the amount of fluid/salts in the
intestines; dual effect stimulates bowel muscles and hydrates the intestine, utilizing
water in the body to softens tool
✔✔Example of an osmotic laxative - ✔✔magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium citrate
✔✔action of magnesium hydroxide - ✔✔increases the osmotic effect in the intestinal
tract and draws water in
✔✔effects of magnesium hydroxide - ✔✔action creates distension of the colon,
increasing perstaltic movement and bowel evacuation
✔✔how long does an osmotic laxative take to produce a bowel movement? - ✔✔30
minutes to 6 hours
