HNG 540 CORE EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔how are diuretics chosen for a patient? - ✔✔based on specific medical conditions
and the patients needs
✔✔Example of thiazide diuretic - ✔✔hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)
✔✔Example of loop diuretic - ✔✔Furosemide (lasix)
✔✔Example of potassium sparing diuretic - ✔✔Spironolactone (Aldactone)
✔✔Indications for diuretics - ✔✔reduce edema, and lower blood pressure
✔✔In what type of patients is edema seem most commonly? - ✔✔congestive heart
failure, and hepatic (liver) disease
✔✔What type of diuretic is usually give to congestive heart failure and hepatic (liver
disease) patients? - ✔✔a short acting loop diuretic like furosemide
✔✔how does hydrochlorothiazide lower blood pressure? - ✔✔reduces extra cellular
fluid and strain on the heart and blood vessel walls
✔✔mechanism of action for diuretics - ✔✔act on the distal renal tubule, inhibiting
sodium reabsorption
✔✔In patients with mild hypertension, what medication can be started and later
reassessed? - ✔✔a thiazide diuretic
✔✔What is the drug of choice when treating hypertension in diabetic patients? -
✔✔Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors like captopril
✔✔What actions do ACE inhibitors have - ✔✔reduce proteinuria, delay or prevent the
development of diabetic kidney disease
✔✔proteinuria - ✔✔the prescence of excess protein in the urine signifying kidney
damage and a risk factor for further kidney disease progression; ace inhibitors help slow
down the progression
✔✔diabetic kidney disease and ACE inhibitors - ✔✔used to treat diabetic nephropathy;
helps to delay or prevent the development of kidney complications in people with
diabetes
, ✔✔Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy? - ✔✔they can interfere with
normal fetal development, particularly in the first trimester
✔✔what birth abnormalities (congenital malformations) are ace inhibitors associated
with? - ✔✔heart and kidney defects, craniofacial abnormalities and growth retardation
✔✔Example of an ACE inhibitor - ✔✔captopril
✔✔example of a calcium channel blocker - ✔✔Verapamil
✔✔indications for calcium channel blockers - ✔✔vasodilation, SVT, heart
✔✔Calcium channel blockers mechanism of action - ✔✔calcium is crucial in muscle
contraction, by inhibiting the flow of calcium into the muscle cells, dilation of the blood
vessels occur, when relaxed they become wider, reducing resistance in turn decreasing
systemic vascular resistance
✔✔Due to the mechanism of action, what is calcium channel blockers widely used for? -
✔✔treating patients with angina
✔✔Calcium channel blockers and SVT - ✔✔Verapamil especially, can slow down the
electrical conduction through the AV node (where SVTs abnormal electrical circuit
usually occurs); helps terminate the abnormal rhythm by slowing conduction through the
AV node; this also aids with the management of A fib
✔✔What do calcium channel blockers also aid in the management of? - ✔✔Atrial
fibrillation
✔✔example of beta blocker - ✔✔Propranolol
✔✔What disease management is propranolol used in> - ✔✔the management of atrial
fibrillation
✔✔How does propranolol help manage atrial fibrillation? - ✔✔slows down the heart rate
by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart helping to restore a more regular and
controlled heart rate over time
✔✔What symptoms associated with a fib does propranolol alleviate? - ✔✔palpitations,
dizziness, and shortness of breath
✔✔What is one of the main adverse effects of calcium channel blockers? - ✔✔GI
related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, upset stomach)
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔how are diuretics chosen for a patient? - ✔✔based on specific medical conditions
and the patients needs
✔✔Example of thiazide diuretic - ✔✔hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)
✔✔Example of loop diuretic - ✔✔Furosemide (lasix)
✔✔Example of potassium sparing diuretic - ✔✔Spironolactone (Aldactone)
✔✔Indications for diuretics - ✔✔reduce edema, and lower blood pressure
✔✔In what type of patients is edema seem most commonly? - ✔✔congestive heart
failure, and hepatic (liver) disease
✔✔What type of diuretic is usually give to congestive heart failure and hepatic (liver
disease) patients? - ✔✔a short acting loop diuretic like furosemide
✔✔how does hydrochlorothiazide lower blood pressure? - ✔✔reduces extra cellular
fluid and strain on the heart and blood vessel walls
✔✔mechanism of action for diuretics - ✔✔act on the distal renal tubule, inhibiting
sodium reabsorption
✔✔In patients with mild hypertension, what medication can be started and later
reassessed? - ✔✔a thiazide diuretic
✔✔What is the drug of choice when treating hypertension in diabetic patients? -
✔✔Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors like captopril
✔✔What actions do ACE inhibitors have - ✔✔reduce proteinuria, delay or prevent the
development of diabetic kidney disease
✔✔proteinuria - ✔✔the prescence of excess protein in the urine signifying kidney
damage and a risk factor for further kidney disease progression; ace inhibitors help slow
down the progression
✔✔diabetic kidney disease and ACE inhibitors - ✔✔used to treat diabetic nephropathy;
helps to delay or prevent the development of kidney complications in people with
diabetes
, ✔✔Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy? - ✔✔they can interfere with
normal fetal development, particularly in the first trimester
✔✔what birth abnormalities (congenital malformations) are ace inhibitors associated
with? - ✔✔heart and kidney defects, craniofacial abnormalities and growth retardation
✔✔Example of an ACE inhibitor - ✔✔captopril
✔✔example of a calcium channel blocker - ✔✔Verapamil
✔✔indications for calcium channel blockers - ✔✔vasodilation, SVT, heart
✔✔Calcium channel blockers mechanism of action - ✔✔calcium is crucial in muscle
contraction, by inhibiting the flow of calcium into the muscle cells, dilation of the blood
vessels occur, when relaxed they become wider, reducing resistance in turn decreasing
systemic vascular resistance
✔✔Due to the mechanism of action, what is calcium channel blockers widely used for? -
✔✔treating patients with angina
✔✔Calcium channel blockers and SVT - ✔✔Verapamil especially, can slow down the
electrical conduction through the AV node (where SVTs abnormal electrical circuit
usually occurs); helps terminate the abnormal rhythm by slowing conduction through the
AV node; this also aids with the management of A fib
✔✔What do calcium channel blockers also aid in the management of? - ✔✔Atrial
fibrillation
✔✔example of beta blocker - ✔✔Propranolol
✔✔What disease management is propranolol used in> - ✔✔the management of atrial
fibrillation
✔✔How does propranolol help manage atrial fibrillation? - ✔✔slows down the heart rate
by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart helping to restore a more regular and
controlled heart rate over time
✔✔What symptoms associated with a fib does propranolol alleviate? - ✔✔palpitations,
dizziness, and shortness of breath
✔✔What is one of the main adverse effects of calcium channel blockers? - ✔✔GI
related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, upset stomach)
