CMAS 258N STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔Why does culture play a role with disciple at child's home and school? - ✔✔Culture
influences how we discipline and what is acceptable within that society (norms)
ex: High rates of corporal punishment in southern schools
✔✔cultural competence - ✔✔loosely defined as the ability to understand, appreciate
and interact with people from cultures or belief systems different from one's own
✔✔Issues with reporting child abuse: - ✔✔-Not all maltreatment is reported
-States differ radically in numbers and types of cases that are officially reported or
receive a response
-Variations of definitions of child maltreatment
-Criteria to validate abuse occurred differs state to state
✔✔What are the 3 theoretical perspectives inform our understanding of child
maltreatment risk factors? - ✔✔1. Psychiatric model
2. Sociological model
3. Child caregiver model
✔✔Psychiatric model - ✔✔Factors within the individual perpetrator
- Serious psychological disturbance
- Caregiver suffers from depression
- Caregivers may have role reversal (distorted perception of the nature of childhood)
- Caregivers may have experienced child maltreatment
✔✔Sociological model - ✔✔Forces within society, rather than within the individual
Belief that when families are subjected to stress, increased chance that violence can
occur
✔✔Child caregiver model - ✔✔Child & caregiver relationship
Children who experience abuse may differ from their siblings and peers
✔✔Risk factors - ✔✔characteristics at the biological, psychological, family, community,
or cultural level which are correlated with a higher likelihood of a negative outcome
✔✔Protective factors - ✔✔conditions or attributes of individuals, families, communities,
or the larger society that, when present, promote well-being and reduce the risk of
negative outcomes
✔✔individual risk factors - ✔✔Young age
Low education
Single parenthood
Large number of dependent children
, Low income
Lack of understanding of children's needs, child development & parenting skills
✔✔family risk factors - ✔✔Social isolation
Family/parenting stress
Separation or divorce
Violence or intimate partner violence
Poor parent-child relationships
Family members in jail or prison
High conflict and negative communication styles
✔✔community risk factors - ✔✔Violence
High rates of poverty and limited educational/economic opportunities
High unemployment rates
Easy access to drugs or alcohol
Concentrated neighborhood disadvantage
Poor social communications or connections
Few community activities for young people
Unstable housing where residents move frequently
✔✔individual protective factors - ✔✔Self-regulation skills
Problem solving skills
Relational skills
Involvement in positive activities
✔✔relationship level protective factors - ✔✔Parenting competencies
Parent education programs
Teach appropriate discipline methods
Positive peers
Caring adults
✔✔community protective factors - ✔✔Positive school environment
Positive community environment
Economic opportunities
✔✔Ray Helfer proposed 5 tasks abusive parents have not learned: - ✔✔To get their
needs met in appropriate ways
To separate feelings from actions
To determine they are responsible for their own actions & not for the actions of others
To make decisions
To delay gratification
✔✔Characteristics of perpetrators for physical abuse - ✔✔Low self-esteem
External locus of control
Poor impulse control
GRADED A+
✔✔Why does culture play a role with disciple at child's home and school? - ✔✔Culture
influences how we discipline and what is acceptable within that society (norms)
ex: High rates of corporal punishment in southern schools
✔✔cultural competence - ✔✔loosely defined as the ability to understand, appreciate
and interact with people from cultures or belief systems different from one's own
✔✔Issues with reporting child abuse: - ✔✔-Not all maltreatment is reported
-States differ radically in numbers and types of cases that are officially reported or
receive a response
-Variations of definitions of child maltreatment
-Criteria to validate abuse occurred differs state to state
✔✔What are the 3 theoretical perspectives inform our understanding of child
maltreatment risk factors? - ✔✔1. Psychiatric model
2. Sociological model
3. Child caregiver model
✔✔Psychiatric model - ✔✔Factors within the individual perpetrator
- Serious psychological disturbance
- Caregiver suffers from depression
- Caregivers may have role reversal (distorted perception of the nature of childhood)
- Caregivers may have experienced child maltreatment
✔✔Sociological model - ✔✔Forces within society, rather than within the individual
Belief that when families are subjected to stress, increased chance that violence can
occur
✔✔Child caregiver model - ✔✔Child & caregiver relationship
Children who experience abuse may differ from their siblings and peers
✔✔Risk factors - ✔✔characteristics at the biological, psychological, family, community,
or cultural level which are correlated with a higher likelihood of a negative outcome
✔✔Protective factors - ✔✔conditions or attributes of individuals, families, communities,
or the larger society that, when present, promote well-being and reduce the risk of
negative outcomes
✔✔individual risk factors - ✔✔Young age
Low education
Single parenthood
Large number of dependent children
, Low income
Lack of understanding of children's needs, child development & parenting skills
✔✔family risk factors - ✔✔Social isolation
Family/parenting stress
Separation or divorce
Violence or intimate partner violence
Poor parent-child relationships
Family members in jail or prison
High conflict and negative communication styles
✔✔community risk factors - ✔✔Violence
High rates of poverty and limited educational/economic opportunities
High unemployment rates
Easy access to drugs or alcohol
Concentrated neighborhood disadvantage
Poor social communications or connections
Few community activities for young people
Unstable housing where residents move frequently
✔✔individual protective factors - ✔✔Self-regulation skills
Problem solving skills
Relational skills
Involvement in positive activities
✔✔relationship level protective factors - ✔✔Parenting competencies
Parent education programs
Teach appropriate discipline methods
Positive peers
Caring adults
✔✔community protective factors - ✔✔Positive school environment
Positive community environment
Economic opportunities
✔✔Ray Helfer proposed 5 tasks abusive parents have not learned: - ✔✔To get their
needs met in appropriate ways
To separate feelings from actions
To determine they are responsible for their own actions & not for the actions of others
To make decisions
To delay gratification
✔✔Characteristics of perpetrators for physical abuse - ✔✔Low self-esteem
External locus of control
Poor impulse control
