NUR 2115 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.
Oxygenate
ventilation
perfusion
diffusion - ANS Respiration #1 goal is to....
______________ the tissues through
______________, ____________, and _______________
Negative
1:1 - ANS For adequate ventilation to occur the interpleural pressure needs to be
_____________ to expand the lung.
The V/Q ratio is _______________
Ventilation - ANS Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Inadequate ventilation: Low O2 & High CO2
-Thoracic pressure change inadequate, mechanical abnormality (Kyphosis, COPD,
Pneumothorax)
-Defect in Respiratory control center (CNS dysfunction, Drug OD)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-Impaired muscular function (Neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury)
Oxygenation - ANS Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Ventilation adequate
-Decreased lung perfusion (Right to left shunt, pulmonary embolism)
-Hemorrhagic shock
-Abnormal Hgb (Doesn't bind to O2, Carbon monoxide poisoning)
-Abnormal aveolar-capillary unit (Pulmonary edema, silent unit- ARDs)
SOB
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
acidosis
hypoxia - ANS Respiratory Failure-- Clinical Manifestations:
-Hallmark sign: _______________
-Limited chest expansion, abnormal sounds
-Confusion, grunting, nasal flaring, sternal retractions
-PaO2 <50 =__________
-PaCO2 >50=__________
-pH <7.35=___________
-SPO2 <90%=__________
80-100
35-45
22-26
7.35-7.45
compensated - ANS Normal ABG Values:
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,PaO2: ________
PCO2:________
HCO3:_______
pH:________
HCO3 and CO2 are both outside of normal ranges= ___________
Full= pH within norms
Partial= pH not within norms
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH <7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 <22
Fully compensated respiratory acidosis - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 90-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 >30
Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH >7.45
PO2 80-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 > 26
Compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, PO2 <80
PCO2 <35
HCO3 <22
<50
>50
<7.35
<10
<25
<10 - ANS Indications for Mechanical Ventilation with Respiratory Failure:
PaO2: ______________
PCO2: _____________
pH:___________
Vital Capacity: ___________
Neg. Inspiratory Force:____________
FEV1:___________________
-Apnea or bradypnea
-Respiratory distress with confusion
-Increased WOB not relieved by interventions
-Confusion with need to protect airway
-Circulatory shock
Negative pressure ventilator - ANS Type of Ventilator:
-Noninvasive
- (-) pressure forces air in
-Used for neuromuscular disorders
-Example: Iron lung, Chest cuirass
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.
Oxygenate
ventilation
perfusion
diffusion - ANS Respiration #1 goal is to....
______________ the tissues through
______________, ____________, and _______________
Negative
1:1 - ANS For adequate ventilation to occur the interpleural pressure needs to be
_____________ to expand the lung.
The V/Q ratio is _______________
Ventilation - ANS Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Inadequate ventilation: Low O2 & High CO2
-Thoracic pressure change inadequate, mechanical abnormality (Kyphosis, COPD,
Pneumothorax)
-Defect in Respiratory control center (CNS dysfunction, Drug OD)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-Impaired muscular function (Neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury)
Oxygenation - ANS Respiratory Failure:
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Ventilation adequate
-Decreased lung perfusion (Right to left shunt, pulmonary embolism)
-Hemorrhagic shock
-Abnormal Hgb (Doesn't bind to O2, Carbon monoxide poisoning)
-Abnormal aveolar-capillary unit (Pulmonary edema, silent unit- ARDs)
SOB
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
acidosis
hypoxia - ANS Respiratory Failure-- Clinical Manifestations:
-Hallmark sign: _______________
-Limited chest expansion, abnormal sounds
-Confusion, grunting, nasal flaring, sternal retractions
-PaO2 <50 =__________
-PaCO2 >50=__________
-pH <7.35=___________
-SPO2 <90%=__________
80-100
35-45
22-26
7.35-7.45
compensated - ANS Normal ABG Values:
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,PaO2: ________
PCO2:________
HCO3:_______
pH:________
HCO3 and CO2 are both outside of normal ranges= ___________
Full= pH within norms
Partial= pH not within norms
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH <7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 <22
Fully compensated respiratory acidosis - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 90-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 >30
Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH >7.45
PO2 80-100
PCO2 >45
HCO3 > 26
Compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia - ANS What are the ABG results?
pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, PO2 <80
PCO2 <35
HCO3 <22
<50
>50
<7.35
<10
<25
<10 - ANS Indications for Mechanical Ventilation with Respiratory Failure:
PaO2: ______________
PCO2: _____________
pH:___________
Vital Capacity: ___________
Neg. Inspiratory Force:____________
FEV1:___________________
-Apnea or bradypnea
-Respiratory distress with confusion
-Increased WOB not relieved by interventions
-Confusion with need to protect airway
-Circulatory shock
Negative pressure ventilator - ANS Type of Ventilator:
-Noninvasive
- (-) pressure forces air in
-Used for neuromuscular disorders
-Example: Iron lung, Chest cuirass
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
