Page 1 of 111
CogSci 180 Final Questions with 100% Verified
Answers UPDATED!!!
______: Uses techniques to cultivate a clear and stable mind so
one can directly perceive the truth - ANSWER Contemplation
scientific vs contemplative approaches: name 2 similarities and
1 difference - ANSWER Similarities:
- Both are empirically-based, i.e., not based on blind adherence
to belief or what authorities say
- Conclusions must be verified through consensual agreement
of investigators who are highly trained to be considered valid
Differences:
- Science: Operates from a 3rd person perspective
- Contemplation: Operates from a 1st person perspective
Common Criticism of Contemplative Approach by Science:
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- the ______ objection - ANSWER - the introspection objection:
sounds a lot like introspection, which is highly subjective and
unreliable
______: observing and reporting one's mental and emotional
processes as objectively as possible - ANSWER Introspection
T/F: introspection is a valid method of investigation - ANSWER F
Contemplative response to the introspection objection:
- difference between introspection and contemplation: ______
- introspection was discredited because ______ - ANSWER -
There is an important distinction between contemplation and
introspection: contemplation first requires extensive training of
the mind to become stable and clear using specific techniques
- introspection discredited bc the participants who had
originally been asked to engage in it in laboratory studies did so
with minds that were distracted most of the time
A clear and stable mind is associated with ____ and brings
deeper insights into the nature of _____ and ____ itself -
ANSWER inner peace, reality, mind
,Page 3 of 111
Various mental states and associated effects are delineated
precisely within _________ - ANSWER contemplative traditions
_____ figures as a criterion in the contemplative approach, just
as in the scientific approach
- There is interindividual consensus among trained
contemplatives with regard to conclusions arrived at, which is
not the case for ______ - ANSWER - Reproducibility
- untrained subjects
In contemplative traditions, the results can be reproduced by
both _____ and ____
- the insights into the nature of reality and the mind that are
directly perceived when one stabilizes and clarifies the mind
can be experienced again and again in ______ - ANSWER - the
results can be reproduced by a particular investigator at
different points in time, as well as by other investigators
- other investigators
- meditation
, Page 4 of 111
In contemplative traditions, how do you train and how do you
know that you are progressing in your training?
- Training involves applying specific techniques to __________,
and progress is indicated by ________
- During training, there are also ______ between the student
and an expert (teacher) to monitor the student's progress:
---> The teacher leads the dialogue, asking appropriate
questions and allowing the subject to describe his or her ____
in detail
---> In the Zen and in Tibetan Buddhist traditions, for instance,
the student will from time to time report about their ______ to
their teacher
- On the basis of these experiences, a qualified teacher will be
able to appraise the quality of the student's meditative practice
and see whether it reflects genuine progress or mere ____ - and
guide the student accordingly
★ This is the function of ____ in the Zen tradition - ANSWER -
stabilize and clarify the mind
- the extent to which you can apply the instructions
- structured dialogues
CogSci 180 Final Questions with 100% Verified
Answers UPDATED!!!
______: Uses techniques to cultivate a clear and stable mind so
one can directly perceive the truth - ANSWER Contemplation
scientific vs contemplative approaches: name 2 similarities and
1 difference - ANSWER Similarities:
- Both are empirically-based, i.e., not based on blind adherence
to belief or what authorities say
- Conclusions must be verified through consensual agreement
of investigators who are highly trained to be considered valid
Differences:
- Science: Operates from a 3rd person perspective
- Contemplation: Operates from a 1st person perspective
Common Criticism of Contemplative Approach by Science:
,Page 2 of 111
- the ______ objection - ANSWER - the introspection objection:
sounds a lot like introspection, which is highly subjective and
unreliable
______: observing and reporting one's mental and emotional
processes as objectively as possible - ANSWER Introspection
T/F: introspection is a valid method of investigation - ANSWER F
Contemplative response to the introspection objection:
- difference between introspection and contemplation: ______
- introspection was discredited because ______ - ANSWER -
There is an important distinction between contemplation and
introspection: contemplation first requires extensive training of
the mind to become stable and clear using specific techniques
- introspection discredited bc the participants who had
originally been asked to engage in it in laboratory studies did so
with minds that were distracted most of the time
A clear and stable mind is associated with ____ and brings
deeper insights into the nature of _____ and ____ itself -
ANSWER inner peace, reality, mind
,Page 3 of 111
Various mental states and associated effects are delineated
precisely within _________ - ANSWER contemplative traditions
_____ figures as a criterion in the contemplative approach, just
as in the scientific approach
- There is interindividual consensus among trained
contemplatives with regard to conclusions arrived at, which is
not the case for ______ - ANSWER - Reproducibility
- untrained subjects
In contemplative traditions, the results can be reproduced by
both _____ and ____
- the insights into the nature of reality and the mind that are
directly perceived when one stabilizes and clarifies the mind
can be experienced again and again in ______ - ANSWER - the
results can be reproduced by a particular investigator at
different points in time, as well as by other investigators
- other investigators
- meditation
, Page 4 of 111
In contemplative traditions, how do you train and how do you
know that you are progressing in your training?
- Training involves applying specific techniques to __________,
and progress is indicated by ________
- During training, there are also ______ between the student
and an expert (teacher) to monitor the student's progress:
---> The teacher leads the dialogue, asking appropriate
questions and allowing the subject to describe his or her ____
in detail
---> In the Zen and in Tibetan Buddhist traditions, for instance,
the student will from time to time report about their ______ to
their teacher
- On the basis of these experiences, a qualified teacher will be
able to appraise the quality of the student's meditative practice
and see whether it reflects genuine progress or mere ____ - and
guide the student accordingly
★ This is the function of ____ in the Zen tradition - ANSWER -
stabilize and clarify the mind
- the extent to which you can apply the instructions
- structured dialogues
