BIOL 1410- FINAL EXAM GRADED A+
Resipratory System Overview Answer - - main functions: air movement,
exchange of gases
- 2 subdivisions: upper (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx), lower (larynx, trachea,
bronchial tree, lungs)
- lined with mucosa: epithelial (pseudostratified), CT (lamina propria)
Respiratory System Structures Answer - nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs, respiratory membrane
Nose Answer - - supported by bone and hyaline cartilage
- nostrils = nares
Nasal Cavity Answer - - functions: airway passage (warm and moisten),
olfaction, speech
- divided by the nasal septum
- composed of areas: vestibule, respiratory area, olfactory area
Vestibule Answer - - anterior region
- lined by skin with coarse hair
Respiratory Area Answer - - posterior region
- mucosa
- chonchae protrude from walls (superior, middle, inferior)
,- nasal meatuses (inferior to chonchae)
- chonchae and meatuses cause air turbulence to knock out dust
- lacrimal duct opens into cavity here (tears to nasal cavity)
Olfactory Area Answer - - sense of smell
- roof of nasal cavity
- neurons (factory receptors)
Paranasal Sinuses Answer - - 8 air filled spaces in skull (paired L & R): frontal,
sphenoid ethmoid, maxillae
- open directly into nasal cavity
- function: warm, moisten air, lighten skull
- sinusitis: inflammation of mucous membrane
Pharynx (throat) Answer - - 3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx,
laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx Answer - - posterior to nasal cavity
- air passage only
- contains the pharyngeal tonsil, 2 posterior nasal apertures (opening), 2
pharyngotympanic tubes (opening)
Oropharynx Answer - - posterior to oral cavity
- air and food passage
- stratified squamous epithelium
- from soft palate to top of epiglottis
- contains: palatine tonsils, lingual tonsil
, Laryngopharynx Answer - - air + food passage
- stratified squamous epithelium
- from epiglottis to opening of larynx
Larynx (voice box) Answer - - air passage only
- made of 9 cartilages
- vocal cords
- glottis: true vocal cords and opening, closes to prevent food and liquid from
entering trachea
- laryngitis: inflammation of larynx (can arise from infection or irritation)
Cartilages of Larynx Answer - - all hyaline cartilage, except epiglottis
- unpaired cartilages (3):
a) thyroid cartilage: on anterior wall (Adam's apple)
b) cricoid cartilage: forms complete ring
c) epiglottis: covers glottis during swallowing, elastic cartilage
- paired cartilages (3):
a) arytenoid cartilage: attaches vocal cords
b) and c) do not need to be known
Vocal Cords of Larynx) Answer - - 2 paired folds in the mucosa
a) vestibular fold: false vocal cords, superior fold
b) vocal fold: true vocal cords, inferior fold
Trachea Answer - - connects larynx to main bronchi
- anterior to esophagus
Resipratory System Overview Answer - - main functions: air movement,
exchange of gases
- 2 subdivisions: upper (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx), lower (larynx, trachea,
bronchial tree, lungs)
- lined with mucosa: epithelial (pseudostratified), CT (lamina propria)
Respiratory System Structures Answer - nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs, respiratory membrane
Nose Answer - - supported by bone and hyaline cartilage
- nostrils = nares
Nasal Cavity Answer - - functions: airway passage (warm and moisten),
olfaction, speech
- divided by the nasal septum
- composed of areas: vestibule, respiratory area, olfactory area
Vestibule Answer - - anterior region
- lined by skin with coarse hair
Respiratory Area Answer - - posterior region
- mucosa
- chonchae protrude from walls (superior, middle, inferior)
,- nasal meatuses (inferior to chonchae)
- chonchae and meatuses cause air turbulence to knock out dust
- lacrimal duct opens into cavity here (tears to nasal cavity)
Olfactory Area Answer - - sense of smell
- roof of nasal cavity
- neurons (factory receptors)
Paranasal Sinuses Answer - - 8 air filled spaces in skull (paired L & R): frontal,
sphenoid ethmoid, maxillae
- open directly into nasal cavity
- function: warm, moisten air, lighten skull
- sinusitis: inflammation of mucous membrane
Pharynx (throat) Answer - - 3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx,
laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx Answer - - posterior to nasal cavity
- air passage only
- contains the pharyngeal tonsil, 2 posterior nasal apertures (opening), 2
pharyngotympanic tubes (opening)
Oropharynx Answer - - posterior to oral cavity
- air and food passage
- stratified squamous epithelium
- from soft palate to top of epiglottis
- contains: palatine tonsils, lingual tonsil
, Laryngopharynx Answer - - air + food passage
- stratified squamous epithelium
- from epiglottis to opening of larynx
Larynx (voice box) Answer - - air passage only
- made of 9 cartilages
- vocal cords
- glottis: true vocal cords and opening, closes to prevent food and liquid from
entering trachea
- laryngitis: inflammation of larynx (can arise from infection or irritation)
Cartilages of Larynx Answer - - all hyaline cartilage, except epiglottis
- unpaired cartilages (3):
a) thyroid cartilage: on anterior wall (Adam's apple)
b) cricoid cartilage: forms complete ring
c) epiglottis: covers glottis during swallowing, elastic cartilage
- paired cartilages (3):
a) arytenoid cartilage: attaches vocal cords
b) and c) do not need to be known
Vocal Cords of Larynx) Answer - - 2 paired folds in the mucosa
a) vestibular fold: false vocal cords, superior fold
b) vocal fold: true vocal cords, inferior fold
Trachea Answer - - connects larynx to main bronchi
- anterior to esophagus
