D312 Latest update 2025/2026: Questions with
100% correct answers
Grounding
information that all participants in a communication know that they all know; sender and
receiver must share a vast amount of common information; based on each individual's previous
experience but is updated continuously during communication
cultural field
the culturally based elements of a person's background that influence communication
effectiveness of the communication depends on minimizing the distortion that can occur at
various stages such as
1) meaning of the message is grounded in the cultural field of the sender
2) cultural field influences the symbols a person uses to express an idea
3) all factors that affect the sender also influence the receiver
lingua franca
a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are
different; english is this for international business
why have many organizations adopted english as their corporate language?
- competitive pressure
- globalization of tasks & resources
- cross-border mergers and acquisitions
,effects use of second language have on cross cultural communication:
1) using a second language creates mental strain
2) because fluent second-language speakers are more likely to be seen as competent in other
respects, their fluency may cause others to overestimate their other skills
3) first-language speakers in cross-language interactions tend to respond to the lower linguistic
competency of their partners by modifying aspects of their speech (foreigner speak)
foreigner speak
A simplified version of a language that's sometimes used by native speakers when addressing
non-native speakers.
low-context communication
the message will be interpreted through just the words and their explicit meaning
high-context communication
the messages are interpreted using tone of voice, gesture, silence, or implied meaning, as well as
context or situation
individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be _________ communicators
low-context
interdependent self-concepts tend to be ______ communicators
high-context
directness of communication is associated with
low-context and individualist cultures
,indirectness of communication is associated with
high-context and collectivist cultures
collectivist cultures value ______ as a way of controlling the communication interaction
silence
individualist cultures value ____ as a way of controlling the communication interaction
talking
silence may be thought of as an extreme form of ________ communication
high-context
in cultures where modesty is a virtue (like china) praise can cause
embarrassment
slang
A type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded
as very informal and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.
jargon
associated with particular subgroups is often specialized or technical language of people engaged
in a similar occupation or activity
the use of slang or jargon has 3 implications for cross-cultural communications:
1) the number of possible expressions in any particular language group is greater
2) unless these non-standard terms are incorporated into the standard form of the language they
, may eventually disappear
3) a specialized language shared by culturally different individuals can enhance their ability to
communicate
euphemism
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt
when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing
speech accomodation
shifting one's speech patterns to achieve greater similarity with other languages
ethnolinguistic vitality
The ability of a group's language and ethnicity to
sustain itself as a distinct entity.
Nonverbal communication includes
body movements, gestures, touching, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, use of space,
and even scent or smell
two types of differences for nonverbal behavioral functions
1) the same nonverbal behavior can have very different meanings in different cultures
2) some nonverbal cues can be used to mean the same thing in different cultures
proxemics
the study of the amount of space that space that people feel it necessary to set between
themselves and others
100% correct answers
Grounding
information that all participants in a communication know that they all know; sender and
receiver must share a vast amount of common information; based on each individual's previous
experience but is updated continuously during communication
cultural field
the culturally based elements of a person's background that influence communication
effectiveness of the communication depends on minimizing the distortion that can occur at
various stages such as
1) meaning of the message is grounded in the cultural field of the sender
2) cultural field influences the symbols a person uses to express an idea
3) all factors that affect the sender also influence the receiver
lingua franca
a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are
different; english is this for international business
why have many organizations adopted english as their corporate language?
- competitive pressure
- globalization of tasks & resources
- cross-border mergers and acquisitions
,effects use of second language have on cross cultural communication:
1) using a second language creates mental strain
2) because fluent second-language speakers are more likely to be seen as competent in other
respects, their fluency may cause others to overestimate their other skills
3) first-language speakers in cross-language interactions tend to respond to the lower linguistic
competency of their partners by modifying aspects of their speech (foreigner speak)
foreigner speak
A simplified version of a language that's sometimes used by native speakers when addressing
non-native speakers.
low-context communication
the message will be interpreted through just the words and their explicit meaning
high-context communication
the messages are interpreted using tone of voice, gesture, silence, or implied meaning, as well as
context or situation
individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be _________ communicators
low-context
interdependent self-concepts tend to be ______ communicators
high-context
directness of communication is associated with
low-context and individualist cultures
,indirectness of communication is associated with
high-context and collectivist cultures
collectivist cultures value ______ as a way of controlling the communication interaction
silence
individualist cultures value ____ as a way of controlling the communication interaction
talking
silence may be thought of as an extreme form of ________ communication
high-context
in cultures where modesty is a virtue (like china) praise can cause
embarrassment
slang
A type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded
as very informal and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.
jargon
associated with particular subgroups is often specialized or technical language of people engaged
in a similar occupation or activity
the use of slang or jargon has 3 implications for cross-cultural communications:
1) the number of possible expressions in any particular language group is greater
2) unless these non-standard terms are incorporated into the standard form of the language they
, may eventually disappear
3) a specialized language shared by culturally different individuals can enhance their ability to
communicate
euphemism
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt
when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing
speech accomodation
shifting one's speech patterns to achieve greater similarity with other languages
ethnolinguistic vitality
The ability of a group's language and ethnicity to
sustain itself as a distinct entity.
Nonverbal communication includes
body movements, gestures, touching, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, use of space,
and even scent or smell
two types of differences for nonverbal behavioral functions
1) the same nonverbal behavior can have very different meanings in different cultures
2) some nonverbal cues can be used to mean the same thing in different cultures
proxemics
the study of the amount of space that space that people feel it necessary to set between
themselves and others
