Grade A+ Immunity NCLEX style questions and answers 2025
Your immune system can recognize cells based on the proteins
present on the surface of cells. Viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
cells are recognized as being different from your own cells and are
How does your immune system know which cells to attack and attacked by your immune system. Sometimes, one of your own
which cells are part of your own body? cells changes, or mutates, giving the cell the ability to multiply
continuously. Such mutations often are the cause of cancer. Your
immune system has the ability to recognize mutated cells and
attack them before they can grow into a tumor.
ANS: A
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has The spleen is the major site of B-lymphocyte maturation and
a splenectomy. Which statement does the nurse include in this antibody production. Those who undergo splenectomies for any
client's teaching plan? reason have a decreased antibody-mediated immune response
a. "Avoid crowds and people who are sick." and are particularly susceptible to viral infections. Eating raw fruits
b. "Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables." and vegetables places the client at risk for bacterial infections.
c. "Avoid environmental allergens." The body responds to environmental allergens with an unspecific
d. "Do not play contact sports." inflammatory process. The client is not at risk for bleeding or injury
due to contact sports.
The nurse notes that the client has a "left shift of their wbc count"
The bands outnumber of segmented neutrophils.
which lab result supports this conclusion?
A nurse has educated a client on an epinephrine auto-injector
(EpiPen). What statement by the client indicates additional in-
ANS: A
struction is needed?
Clients should be instructed to call 911 and go to the hospital
a. "I don't need to go to the hospital after using it."
for monitoring after using the EpiPen. The other statements show
b. "I must carry two EpiPens with me at all times."
good understanding of this treatment.
c. "I will write the expiration date on my calendar."
d. "This can be injected right through my clothes."
An increase in neutrophil precursors (eg, band cells, metamye-
What is a left shift? locytes) with or without neutrophilia, usually from infection or
inflammation
Which manifestations or processes of inflammation are caused
specifically by blood vessel dilation? ANS: C
a. Increased production and migration of leukocytes Dilated blood vessels increase blood flow to an area, leading
b. Phagocytosis and fever to increased warmth and color in that area. Dilation alone does
c. Warmth and redness not result in swelling. Swelling results from increased capillary
d. Swelling and pain permeability.
e. None of above
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide
complete protection against infection?
ANS: B
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microor-
The cells that provide the protection of inflammation, the neu-
ganisms. trophils and the macrophages, have no "memory" to aid them in
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by
mounting a faster or stronger response to an invading microor-
inflammation alone.
ganism upon repeated or subsequent exposure. Without anti-
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause body-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity to augment
serious tissue damage. the inflammatory response, humans remain susceptible to rein-
The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same
d.
time that inflammatory processes are active. fection by the same microorganism over and over again.
e. None of above
Which cell types provide protective responses during inflamma- A Macrophages and neutrophils initiate and complete phagocy-
tion? tosis against invading microorganisms, providing the body with
a. Macrophages and neutrophils protection against infection. Natural killer cells are not particu-
b. Erythrocytes and platelets larly active during inflammation. Eosinophils and basophils are
c. Eosinophils and basophils responsible for vascular changes, not protection. Erythrocytes and
d. Natural killer cells platelets have no direct roles in inflammation.
, Grade A+ Immunity NCLEX style questions and answers 2025
C
Osteoarthritis is a "wear and tear" disorder that mechanically
Which condition or health problem demonstrates inflammation causes tissue damage. All the other disorders represent invasion
without invasion? by non-self proteins such as pollens, viruses, and bacteria.
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Viral hepatitis
c. Osteoarthritis
d. Cellulitis
e. None of above
Which of the following phrases BEST describes the inflammatory
process?
a. The body's response to an infectious process.
b. An abnormal event that accompanies selected disease c. A normal body response to cell and tissue injury and death.
processes.
c. A normal body response to cell and tissue injury and death.
d. A disease process that is accompanied by fever.
Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Edema occurs in inflammation due to:
Constriction of small veins in the surrounding area.
Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Increased phagocytic action of white blood cells.
Concentration of injurious agents.
Vasodilation resulting in redness at the site of injury is primarily
due to the bodies:
a. Cellular response to cell injury
b. Vascular response to cell injury
b. Vascular response to cell injury
c. Humeral immunity
d. Cell mediated immunity
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide inflammation alone.
complete protection against infection?
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microor-
ganisms.
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by
inflammation alone.
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause
serious tissue damage.
d. The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same
time inflammatory processes are active.
The nurse assesses a surgical patient the morning of the first
postoperative day. Signs of a local inflammatory response that the
nurse EXPECTS to find include:
Slight redness and heat of the incision.
Slight redness and heat of the incision. Leukocytosis with elevated
monocytes. Pain and serous drainage of the incision. Fever and
increased pulse and respiratory rate.
Your immune system can recognize cells based on the proteins
present on the surface of cells. Viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
cells are recognized as being different from your own cells and are
How does your immune system know which cells to attack and attacked by your immune system. Sometimes, one of your own
which cells are part of your own body? cells changes, or mutates, giving the cell the ability to multiply
continuously. Such mutations often are the cause of cancer. Your
immune system has the ability to recognize mutated cells and
attack them before they can grow into a tumor.
ANS: A
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has The spleen is the major site of B-lymphocyte maturation and
a splenectomy. Which statement does the nurse include in this antibody production. Those who undergo splenectomies for any
client's teaching plan? reason have a decreased antibody-mediated immune response
a. "Avoid crowds and people who are sick." and are particularly susceptible to viral infections. Eating raw fruits
b. "Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables." and vegetables places the client at risk for bacterial infections.
c. "Avoid environmental allergens." The body responds to environmental allergens with an unspecific
d. "Do not play contact sports." inflammatory process. The client is not at risk for bleeding or injury
due to contact sports.
The nurse notes that the client has a "left shift of their wbc count"
The bands outnumber of segmented neutrophils.
which lab result supports this conclusion?
A nurse has educated a client on an epinephrine auto-injector
(EpiPen). What statement by the client indicates additional in-
ANS: A
struction is needed?
Clients should be instructed to call 911 and go to the hospital
a. "I don't need to go to the hospital after using it."
for monitoring after using the EpiPen. The other statements show
b. "I must carry two EpiPens with me at all times."
good understanding of this treatment.
c. "I will write the expiration date on my calendar."
d. "This can be injected right through my clothes."
An increase in neutrophil precursors (eg, band cells, metamye-
What is a left shift? locytes) with or without neutrophilia, usually from infection or
inflammation
Which manifestations or processes of inflammation are caused
specifically by blood vessel dilation? ANS: C
a. Increased production and migration of leukocytes Dilated blood vessels increase blood flow to an area, leading
b. Phagocytosis and fever to increased warmth and color in that area. Dilation alone does
c. Warmth and redness not result in swelling. Swelling results from increased capillary
d. Swelling and pain permeability.
e. None of above
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide
complete protection against infection?
ANS: B
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microor-
The cells that provide the protection of inflammation, the neu-
ganisms. trophils and the macrophages, have no "memory" to aid them in
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by
mounting a faster or stronger response to an invading microor-
inflammation alone.
ganism upon repeated or subsequent exposure. Without anti-
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause body-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity to augment
serious tissue damage. the inflammatory response, humans remain susceptible to rein-
The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same
d.
time that inflammatory processes are active. fection by the same microorganism over and over again.
e. None of above
Which cell types provide protective responses during inflamma- A Macrophages and neutrophils initiate and complete phagocy-
tion? tosis against invading microorganisms, providing the body with
a. Macrophages and neutrophils protection against infection. Natural killer cells are not particu-
b. Erythrocytes and platelets larly active during inflammation. Eosinophils and basophils are
c. Eosinophils and basophils responsible for vascular changes, not protection. Erythrocytes and
d. Natural killer cells platelets have no direct roles in inflammation.
, Grade A+ Immunity NCLEX style questions and answers 2025
C
Osteoarthritis is a "wear and tear" disorder that mechanically
Which condition or health problem demonstrates inflammation causes tissue damage. All the other disorders represent invasion
without invasion? by non-self proteins such as pollens, viruses, and bacteria.
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Viral hepatitis
c. Osteoarthritis
d. Cellulitis
e. None of above
Which of the following phrases BEST describes the inflammatory
process?
a. The body's response to an infectious process.
b. An abnormal event that accompanies selected disease c. A normal body response to cell and tissue injury and death.
processes.
c. A normal body response to cell and tissue injury and death.
d. A disease process that is accompanied by fever.
Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Edema occurs in inflammation due to:
Constriction of small veins in the surrounding area.
Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Increased phagocytic action of white blood cells.
Concentration of injurious agents.
Vasodilation resulting in redness at the site of injury is primarily
due to the bodies:
a. Cellular response to cell injury
b. Vascular response to cell injury
b. Vascular response to cell injury
c. Humeral immunity
d. Cell mediated immunity
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide inflammation alone.
complete protection against infection?
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microor-
ganisms.
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by
inflammation alone.
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause
serious tissue damage.
d. The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same
time inflammatory processes are active.
The nurse assesses a surgical patient the morning of the first
postoperative day. Signs of a local inflammatory response that the
nurse EXPECTS to find include:
Slight redness and heat of the incision.
Slight redness and heat of the incision. Leukocytosis with elevated
monocytes. Pain and serous drainage of the incision. Fever and
increased pulse and respiratory rate.
