CSD 444 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS, ALREADY PASSED.
Stroke Answer - temporary or permanent disturbance of brain function due to
vascular disruptions, caused by either loss of blood supply from blockage or
loss of blood supply due to bleeding out in the brain
Also called Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or "Brain Attack"
Symptoms of a CVA: abrupt changes Answer - Weakness/numbness on one
side of body
Impairment of vision
Difficulty with speech or understanding speech
Dizziness or falling
Severe headache combined with any above symptom
Stroke Risk Varies by Race and Ethnicity Answer - Risk of having a first stroke is
2x as high for African American than for whites. Hispanic's risk for stroke falls
between that of whites and African Americans
Stroke Risk Varies by Age Answer - Stroke risk increases with age, but strokes
can and do occur at any age. In 2009 34% of people hospitalized for stroke
were younger than 65 years
Stroke Deaths Vary by Geography Answer - highest death rates from stroke are
in the southeast
,Types of Strokes Answer - Ischemic: "deprived of blood" blood flow is blocked
"occlusive stroke" 80% of strokes
Hemorrhagic: "caused by bleeding" bleeding in the brain 20% of strokes
Cell Death Answer - When a stroke occurs, the blood supply is disrupted, and
brain cells are starved of oxygen causing cell death in the immediate area
This area = infarct
These cells usually die within minutes to a few hours after being deprived of
oxygen
2 Types of Ischemic Stroke Answer - Thrombotic and Embolic
Thrombotic Strokes Answer - (cerebral thrombosis)
An artery is gradually occluded by a plug of material that accumulates at a site
in the artery
Most cerebral thromboses occur in the large arteries supplying blood to the
brain
Embolic Strokes Answer - An artery is suddenly occluded by material that
moves through the vascular system and eventually blocks a smaller artery
Rapid accumulation
Ischemic Stroke Answer - A thrombosis typically begins in an area of increased
turbulence, which means that thromboses are likely to occur where arteries
change direction or divide (at bends and bifurcations). Debris in the
bloodstream tends to accumulate here.
Debris is composed of lipids (fatty acids) in blood stream that cling onto already
existing debris making artery smaller
These accumulations are called atherosclerotic plaque
, Atherosclerotic Plaque Answer - The plaque gradually thickens until it may
eventually fill the lumen (space inside artery)
As the size of the lumen decreases (a condition called stenosis), the volume of
blood flowing through the narrowed portion decreases, although its velocity
increases.
Sometimes the plaque in the arterial wall cracks due to this increased velocity.
Blood platelets and fibrin (protein in blood) will adhere to the crack in the
plaque, accelerating clot development.
The clot may eventually block or occlude the artery, or parts of the clot may
break off and become emboli traveling through the vascular system
The clots eventually occlude smaller vessels downstream from the original site
of the cloth
Preventable and treatable
Cerebral Embolism Answer - Artery is occluded by a fragment of material that
travels through the circulatory system until it reaches a blood vessel smaller
than its own diameter and gets stuck, blocking the artery
Embolus Answer - Material may be:
A blood clot that has broken loose from its site of formation
A fragment of arterial lining
A piece of atherosclerotic Plaque
The most frequent source of emboli are fragments from thromboses in the
heart, followed by fragments of atherosclerotic plaque from an artery
Transient Ischemic Attacks Answer - Many have a history of these "mini
strokes"
They are temporary disruptions of cerebral circulation that last less than 24
hour and usually less than 30 min
SOLUTIONS, ALREADY PASSED.
Stroke Answer - temporary or permanent disturbance of brain function due to
vascular disruptions, caused by either loss of blood supply from blockage or
loss of blood supply due to bleeding out in the brain
Also called Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or "Brain Attack"
Symptoms of a CVA: abrupt changes Answer - Weakness/numbness on one
side of body
Impairment of vision
Difficulty with speech or understanding speech
Dizziness or falling
Severe headache combined with any above symptom
Stroke Risk Varies by Race and Ethnicity Answer - Risk of having a first stroke is
2x as high for African American than for whites. Hispanic's risk for stroke falls
between that of whites and African Americans
Stroke Risk Varies by Age Answer - Stroke risk increases with age, but strokes
can and do occur at any age. In 2009 34% of people hospitalized for stroke
were younger than 65 years
Stroke Deaths Vary by Geography Answer - highest death rates from stroke are
in the southeast
,Types of Strokes Answer - Ischemic: "deprived of blood" blood flow is blocked
"occlusive stroke" 80% of strokes
Hemorrhagic: "caused by bleeding" bleeding in the brain 20% of strokes
Cell Death Answer - When a stroke occurs, the blood supply is disrupted, and
brain cells are starved of oxygen causing cell death in the immediate area
This area = infarct
These cells usually die within minutes to a few hours after being deprived of
oxygen
2 Types of Ischemic Stroke Answer - Thrombotic and Embolic
Thrombotic Strokes Answer - (cerebral thrombosis)
An artery is gradually occluded by a plug of material that accumulates at a site
in the artery
Most cerebral thromboses occur in the large arteries supplying blood to the
brain
Embolic Strokes Answer - An artery is suddenly occluded by material that
moves through the vascular system and eventually blocks a smaller artery
Rapid accumulation
Ischemic Stroke Answer - A thrombosis typically begins in an area of increased
turbulence, which means that thromboses are likely to occur where arteries
change direction or divide (at bends and bifurcations). Debris in the
bloodstream tends to accumulate here.
Debris is composed of lipids (fatty acids) in blood stream that cling onto already
existing debris making artery smaller
These accumulations are called atherosclerotic plaque
, Atherosclerotic Plaque Answer - The plaque gradually thickens until it may
eventually fill the lumen (space inside artery)
As the size of the lumen decreases (a condition called stenosis), the volume of
blood flowing through the narrowed portion decreases, although its velocity
increases.
Sometimes the plaque in the arterial wall cracks due to this increased velocity.
Blood platelets and fibrin (protein in blood) will adhere to the crack in the
plaque, accelerating clot development.
The clot may eventually block or occlude the artery, or parts of the clot may
break off and become emboli traveling through the vascular system
The clots eventually occlude smaller vessels downstream from the original site
of the cloth
Preventable and treatable
Cerebral Embolism Answer - Artery is occluded by a fragment of material that
travels through the circulatory system until it reaches a blood vessel smaller
than its own diameter and gets stuck, blocking the artery
Embolus Answer - Material may be:
A blood clot that has broken loose from its site of formation
A fragment of arterial lining
A piece of atherosclerotic Plaque
The most frequent source of emboli are fragments from thromboses in the
heart, followed by fragments of atherosclerotic plaque from an artery
Transient Ischemic Attacks Answer - Many have a history of these "mini
strokes"
They are temporary disruptions of cerebral circulation that last less than 24
hour and usually less than 30 min
