NR 507 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025-2026
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and frequency
for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her gynecological history is
negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new information reported is that she
recently had sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes, RBCs,
nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation and UA results,
the patient can be diagnosed with:
A. Upper UTI
B. Cystitis
C. Complicated UTI
D. Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS- B. The patient presents with a simple cystitis and
treated appropriately. In addition, although the patient has a new sexual partner with risk
for a STI, the patient reports no itching and/or vaginal discharge with odor. The NP would
determine if a pelvic exam is indicated at that visit to rule out an STI.
.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently became
confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago. Because of his
confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for evaluation and treatment.
Lab work revealed that the patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and
appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis. He
was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to
urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine
leakage, an indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the
patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense,
foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient yelled out
when touched. A urine cu - CORRECT ANSWERS- A. This patient would be diagnosed with
pyelonephritis.
, D. The major risk factor for the development of pyelonephritis in this patient is the
indwelling Foley catheter. Flank pain, dehydration and fever are symptoms rather than risk
factors.
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts:
True
False - CORRECT ANSWERS- True. Casts are present in a complicated UTI.
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI because:
A. Flank pain is present but minimal.
B. There is low-grade fever.
C. The bacteria are contained within the bladder.
D. The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy. - CORRECT ANSWERS- D. An
uncomplicated UTI responds to a short course of antibiotic therapy. The other choices are
not typical of an uncomplicated UTI.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include:
A. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
B. Streptococcus pneumonia.
C. Syncytial virus.
D. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). - CORRECT ANSWERS- A.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the only choice listed that commonly causes a UTI.
There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to develop
cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer.
True
False - CORRECT ANSWERS- False. BPH does not lead to prostate cancer.
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone.
2025-2026
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and frequency
for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her gynecological history is
negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new information reported is that she
recently had sexual intercourse with a new male partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes, RBCs,
nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation and UA results,
the patient can be diagnosed with:
A. Upper UTI
B. Cystitis
C. Complicated UTI
D. Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS- B. The patient presents with a simple cystitis and
treated appropriately. In addition, although the patient has a new sexual partner with risk
for a STI, the patient reports no itching and/or vaginal discharge with odor. The NP would
determine if a pelvic exam is indicated at that visit to rule out an STI.
.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently became
confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago. Because of his
confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for evaluation and treatment.
Lab work revealed that the patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and
appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis. He
was also noted to have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to
urinary frequency and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine
leakage, an indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the
patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense,
foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the patient yelled out
when touched. A urine cu - CORRECT ANSWERS- A. This patient would be diagnosed with
pyelonephritis.
, D. The major risk factor for the development of pyelonephritis in this patient is the
indwelling Foley catheter. Flank pain, dehydration and fever are symptoms rather than risk
factors.
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts:
True
False - CORRECT ANSWERS- True. Casts are present in a complicated UTI.
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI because:
A. Flank pain is present but minimal.
B. There is low-grade fever.
C. The bacteria are contained within the bladder.
D. The UTI responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy. - CORRECT ANSWERS- D. An
uncomplicated UTI responds to a short course of antibiotic therapy. The other choices are
not typical of an uncomplicated UTI.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include:
A. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
B. Streptococcus pneumonia.
C. Syncytial virus.
D. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). - CORRECT ANSWERS- A.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the only choice listed that commonly causes a UTI.
There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to develop
cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer.
True
False - CORRECT ANSWERS- False. BPH does not lead to prostate cancer.
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone.
