NR 507 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025-2026
How body adapts to high hormone level - CORRECT ANSWERS- By entering either a positive or
negative feedback loop that involves the multiple endocrine glands ( hypothalamus, pituitary,
pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, reproductive organs)
Most common cause of meningitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Viral infections but if bacterial most
likely strep pneumoniae
Effects of genetic mutation - CORRECT ANSWERS- Inherent snips
Polymorphism
appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWERS- Includes the bones of the shoulders, clavicles, arms
(humerus, ulna, radius), hands (carpal, metacarpals, phalanges) , hips, legs (femur, patella, fibula,
tibula) , and feet (tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges)
Cause of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS- excess salt intake from diet or medications, loss of
free water (dehydration)
dependent edema - CORRECT ANSWERS- a fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity;
usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart
Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS- Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the
solute concentration inside a cell
capillary oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS- osmotically attracts water from the interstitial
space back into the capillary
,fluid compartments in body - CORRECT ANSWERS- 2 main:
-2/3 by volume is in the INTRACELLUAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
-1/3 of body water is outside the cells in the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
extracellular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS- interstitial
Intravascular
Plasma
renin release
Type of dyslipidemia that develops fatty streak - CORRECT ANSWERS- macrohpages and LDL form
foam cells
Foam cells in clusters are fatty streaks
cause of iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- dietary lack of iron
blood loss
inability to absorb iron
pregnancy
Preventing PE from developing (most effective) - CORRECT ANSWERS- anticoagulants
compression stockings
exercise
not smoking
Acute airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- bronchial tubes become
inflamed and narrowed and your lungs produce more mucus, which can further block the narrowed
tubes. You develop a chronic cough trying to clear your airways
, Conditions that result in pure water deficit (hypertonic volume depletion) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
a.Hyperventilation and sweatingcaused by fever
b. Concentrated enteral feedings
c. Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone
d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Significant water losses can occur through hyperventilation and sweating as with a high fever. Pure
water deficits also can result from the kidney's inability to concentrate the urine because of a lack
of antidiuretic hormone (diabetes insipidus) and the administration of undiluted enteral feedings.
Ischemic penumbra - CORRECT ANSWERS- ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-
infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
Dermatomes - CORRECT ANSWERS- area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single
spinal sensory nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at the spinal cord, and
their branches reach to the periphery of the body.
Substance release at the synapse - CORRECT ANSWERS- Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory-
alzheimers
Effects of increased aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- increase in salt and water reabsorption
into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, restoring salt levels and
blood pressure.
Which osmoreceptors stimulate thirst and release of ADH? - CORRECT ANSWERS- hypothalamic
osmoreceptors send impulses via neural afferents to the posterior pituitary,
ANSWERS 2025-2026
How body adapts to high hormone level - CORRECT ANSWERS- By entering either a positive or
negative feedback loop that involves the multiple endocrine glands ( hypothalamus, pituitary,
pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, reproductive organs)
Most common cause of meningitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Viral infections but if bacterial most
likely strep pneumoniae
Effects of genetic mutation - CORRECT ANSWERS- Inherent snips
Polymorphism
appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWERS- Includes the bones of the shoulders, clavicles, arms
(humerus, ulna, radius), hands (carpal, metacarpals, phalanges) , hips, legs (femur, patella, fibula,
tibula) , and feet (tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges)
Cause of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS- excess salt intake from diet or medications, loss of
free water (dehydration)
dependent edema - CORRECT ANSWERS- a fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity;
usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart
Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS- Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the
solute concentration inside a cell
capillary oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS- osmotically attracts water from the interstitial
space back into the capillary
,fluid compartments in body - CORRECT ANSWERS- 2 main:
-2/3 by volume is in the INTRACELLUAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
-1/3 of body water is outside the cells in the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
extracellular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS- interstitial
Intravascular
Plasma
renin release
Type of dyslipidemia that develops fatty streak - CORRECT ANSWERS- macrohpages and LDL form
foam cells
Foam cells in clusters are fatty streaks
cause of iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- dietary lack of iron
blood loss
inability to absorb iron
pregnancy
Preventing PE from developing (most effective) - CORRECT ANSWERS- anticoagulants
compression stockings
exercise
not smoking
Acute airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- bronchial tubes become
inflamed and narrowed and your lungs produce more mucus, which can further block the narrowed
tubes. You develop a chronic cough trying to clear your airways
, Conditions that result in pure water deficit (hypertonic volume depletion) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
a.Hyperventilation and sweatingcaused by fever
b. Concentrated enteral feedings
c. Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone
d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Significant water losses can occur through hyperventilation and sweating as with a high fever. Pure
water deficits also can result from the kidney's inability to concentrate the urine because of a lack
of antidiuretic hormone (diabetes insipidus) and the administration of undiluted enteral feedings.
Ischemic penumbra - CORRECT ANSWERS- ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-
infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
Dermatomes - CORRECT ANSWERS- area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single
spinal sensory nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at the spinal cord, and
their branches reach to the periphery of the body.
Substance release at the synapse - CORRECT ANSWERS- Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory-
alzheimers
Effects of increased aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- increase in salt and water reabsorption
into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, restoring salt levels and
blood pressure.
Which osmoreceptors stimulate thirst and release of ADH? - CORRECT ANSWERS- hypothalamic
osmoreceptors send impulses via neural afferents to the posterior pituitary,
