NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% 2025-2026
The four key diagnostic tests for interstitial lung disease are pulmonary function tests, high
resolution CT scan, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
PFT's - CORRECT ANSWERS- non-invasive test that provides information about lung function
When to order PFT's - CORRECT ANSWERS- When signs and symptoms of a respiratory problem
requires evaluation (cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, wheezing, hypoxemia, hypercapnia and lung
hyperinflation).
When disease progression needs to be determined.
When monitoring the effectiveness of drug therapy.
When monitoring for potential toxic effects of certain drugs.
Forced vital capacity (FVC) - CORRECT ANSWERS- measures volume of air in the lungs that can be
exhaled
normal: 80-120%
Pt inhales as deep possible and then exhales as long and as forcefully as possible
amount of air patient can inspire and expire
Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Normal: 80-120%
Amount of air forcefully exhaled from the lungs in the first second
The patient inhales and forcefully exhales as fast as possible
FEV1/FVC ratio - CORRECT ANSWERS- Determines if the pattern is obstructive, restrictive, or
normal
,Diffusing Capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS- how well the lungs are able to exchange gas
most efficient in lungs with high surface area bc easier for the blood to pick up the gas that's being
exchanged
Example of condition that decreases diffusing capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS- emphysema
Residual volume - CORRECT ANSWERS- amount of air that remains in lungs after forceful
exhalation
cannot be measured by spirometry
RV + FVC = - CORRECT ANSWERS- TLC
RV and TLC elevated - CORRECT ANSWERS- obstructive disease
Restrictive - CORRECT ANSWERS- TLC is needed to confirm true restrictive
Respiratory exam COPD - CORRECT ANSWERS- hyperresonance due to air trapping
COPD PFT's - CORRECT ANSWERS- FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
decreased FEV1 predicted
COPD chest xray - CORRECT ANSWERS- flattened diaphragm, distended lung fields, and increased
thoracic diameter
, Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
Anaphylaxis is what type of reaction? - CORRECT ANSWERS- type 1 hypersensitivity
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? -
CORRECT ANSWERS- neutrophils
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of what type of
hypersensitivity reaction. - CORRECT ANSWERS- type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Chronic bronchitis characterization - CORRECT ANSWERS- bronchial inflammation, hypersecretion
of mucus, and chronic productive cough that persists for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years.
Classic sign of chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Productive cough
Classic sign of emphysema - CORRECT ANSWERS- barrel chest
Extrinsic asthma - CORRECT ANSWERS- Triggered by allergic, chronic reaction (pollen, dust mites,
pet dander)
Elevated IgE is diagnostic
More common, especially in children
ANSWERS 100% 2025-2026
The four key diagnostic tests for interstitial lung disease are pulmonary function tests, high
resolution CT scan, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
PFT's - CORRECT ANSWERS- non-invasive test that provides information about lung function
When to order PFT's - CORRECT ANSWERS- When signs and symptoms of a respiratory problem
requires evaluation (cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, wheezing, hypoxemia, hypercapnia and lung
hyperinflation).
When disease progression needs to be determined.
When monitoring the effectiveness of drug therapy.
When monitoring for potential toxic effects of certain drugs.
Forced vital capacity (FVC) - CORRECT ANSWERS- measures volume of air in the lungs that can be
exhaled
normal: 80-120%
Pt inhales as deep possible and then exhales as long and as forcefully as possible
amount of air patient can inspire and expire
Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Normal: 80-120%
Amount of air forcefully exhaled from the lungs in the first second
The patient inhales and forcefully exhales as fast as possible
FEV1/FVC ratio - CORRECT ANSWERS- Determines if the pattern is obstructive, restrictive, or
normal
,Diffusing Capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS- how well the lungs are able to exchange gas
most efficient in lungs with high surface area bc easier for the blood to pick up the gas that's being
exchanged
Example of condition that decreases diffusing capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS- emphysema
Residual volume - CORRECT ANSWERS- amount of air that remains in lungs after forceful
exhalation
cannot be measured by spirometry
RV + FVC = - CORRECT ANSWERS- TLC
RV and TLC elevated - CORRECT ANSWERS- obstructive disease
Restrictive - CORRECT ANSWERS- TLC is needed to confirm true restrictive
Respiratory exam COPD - CORRECT ANSWERS- hyperresonance due to air trapping
COPD PFT's - CORRECT ANSWERS- FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
decreased FEV1 predicted
COPD chest xray - CORRECT ANSWERS- flattened diaphragm, distended lung fields, and increased
thoracic diameter
, Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: - CORRECT ANSWERS- Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
Anaphylaxis is what type of reaction? - CORRECT ANSWERS- type 1 hypersensitivity
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? -
CORRECT ANSWERS- neutrophils
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of what type of
hypersensitivity reaction. - CORRECT ANSWERS- type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Chronic bronchitis characterization - CORRECT ANSWERS- bronchial inflammation, hypersecretion
of mucus, and chronic productive cough that persists for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years.
Classic sign of chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Productive cough
Classic sign of emphysema - CORRECT ANSWERS- barrel chest
Extrinsic asthma - CORRECT ANSWERS- Triggered by allergic, chronic reaction (pollen, dust mites,
pet dander)
Elevated IgE is diagnostic
More common, especially in children
