NR 507 WEEK 8 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025-2026
Increased sodium intake (excessive oral soidium ingestion or administration of sodium containing
IV fluids)
Decreased water intake (NPO)
Increased water loss (increased rate of metabolism, fever, hyperventilation, infection, excessive
diaphoresis, watery diarrhea, diabetes insipidus)
effects of increased aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- - decreased K increased sodium increased
blood volume and pressure
- increase in pH
dependent edema - CORRECT ANSWERS- Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground,
caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure.
definition of isotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS- a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the
solute concentration inside a cell
capillary oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS- osmotically attracts water from the interstitial
space back into the capillary
fluid compartments in the body - CORRECT ANSWERS- 2 main:
-2/3 by volume is in the INTRACELLUAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
-1/3 of body water is outside the cells in the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
pulmonary embolus prevention - CORRECT ANSWERS- -Health teaching prior to surgery
,-Anti-embolic stockings
-Exercise to prevent thrombosis
-Use of anticoagulant drugs
cause of tactile fremitus - CORRECT ANSWERS- dense or inflamed lung tissue from disease like
pneumonia
types of pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1. Primary spontaneous = no underlying lung
disease
2. Secondary spontaneous = complication of pre-existing pulmonary disease
3. Traumatic = from penetrating or blunt trauma
4. Iatrogenic = from thoracentesis, biopsy, catheter, bronchoscopy, positive-pressure ventiltion
5. Tension = air enters pleural space on inspiration but doesn't leave on expiration
results of the loss of alph-1-antitrypsin in emphysema - CORRECT ANSWERS- - panacinar
emphysema
- damage from proteases in aveolar sacs
- lower lobes effected
result of loss of surfactant in ARDS - CORRECT ANSWERS- surfactant coats alveoli preventing
alveoli collapse
- loss of surfactant results in alveoli collapse due to more surface tension
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS- repeated breathing pattern characterized by
fluctuation in the depth of respiration: first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
causes of hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWERS- * Diarrhea
* vomiting
, * hemorrhage (internal and external)
* inadequate fluid intake
* osmotic diuresis
* third-space losses
* large burns
how body maintains glucose levels during shock - CORRECT ANSWERS- cells shift to glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis and lipolysis to generate fuel
endometrial cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS- The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the
events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle has four subphases: menstruation, the proliferative
phase, and the secretory phase, and the ischemic phase .
Pathophysiology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- alteration of appearance
occurs in hematopoietic stem cells due to genetic disorder or environmental agents and non self
antigens appear
secondary polycythemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increased RBC production due to tissue hypoxia
from high altitude or lung disease severe obesity or defective oxygen transport.
- tx low dose aspirin, blood letting or oxygen therapy
anemia of chronic renal failure - CORRECT ANSWERS- Failure of the renal endocrine function
impairs erythropoietin production and bone marrow compensation
ANSWERS 2025-2026
Increased sodium intake (excessive oral soidium ingestion or administration of sodium containing
IV fluids)
Decreased water intake (NPO)
Increased water loss (increased rate of metabolism, fever, hyperventilation, infection, excessive
diaphoresis, watery diarrhea, diabetes insipidus)
effects of increased aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- - decreased K increased sodium increased
blood volume and pressure
- increase in pH
dependent edema - CORRECT ANSWERS- Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground,
caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure.
definition of isotonic - CORRECT ANSWERS- a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the
solute concentration inside a cell
capillary oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS- osmotically attracts water from the interstitial
space back into the capillary
fluid compartments in the body - CORRECT ANSWERS- 2 main:
-2/3 by volume is in the INTRACELLUAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
-1/3 of body water is outside the cells in the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT
pulmonary embolus prevention - CORRECT ANSWERS- -Health teaching prior to surgery
,-Anti-embolic stockings
-Exercise to prevent thrombosis
-Use of anticoagulant drugs
cause of tactile fremitus - CORRECT ANSWERS- dense or inflamed lung tissue from disease like
pneumonia
types of pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1. Primary spontaneous = no underlying lung
disease
2. Secondary spontaneous = complication of pre-existing pulmonary disease
3. Traumatic = from penetrating or blunt trauma
4. Iatrogenic = from thoracentesis, biopsy, catheter, bronchoscopy, positive-pressure ventiltion
5. Tension = air enters pleural space on inspiration but doesn't leave on expiration
results of the loss of alph-1-antitrypsin in emphysema - CORRECT ANSWERS- - panacinar
emphysema
- damage from proteases in aveolar sacs
- lower lobes effected
result of loss of surfactant in ARDS - CORRECT ANSWERS- surfactant coats alveoli preventing
alveoli collapse
- loss of surfactant results in alveoli collapse due to more surface tension
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS- repeated breathing pattern characterized by
fluctuation in the depth of respiration: first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
causes of hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWERS- * Diarrhea
* vomiting
, * hemorrhage (internal and external)
* inadequate fluid intake
* osmotic diuresis
* third-space losses
* large burns
how body maintains glucose levels during shock - CORRECT ANSWERS- cells shift to glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis and lipolysis to generate fuel
endometrial cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS- The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the
events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle has four subphases: menstruation, the proliferative
phase, and the secretory phase, and the ischemic phase .
Pathophysiology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- alteration of appearance
occurs in hematopoietic stem cells due to genetic disorder or environmental agents and non self
antigens appear
secondary polycythemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increased RBC production due to tissue hypoxia
from high altitude or lung disease severe obesity or defective oxygen transport.
- tx low dose aspirin, blood letting or oxygen therapy
anemia of chronic renal failure - CORRECT ANSWERS- Failure of the renal endocrine function
impairs erythropoietin production and bone marrow compensation
