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Exam (elaborations)

Fundamentals of Nursing Exam | Q&A | Nursing Process, Communication, Infection Control & More

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Master the fundamentals and ace your first nursing exam! This comprehensive study guide contains 159 detailed flashcards covering all the essential topics for a Fundamentals of Nursing (Exam 1) course. It's an invaluable resource for nursing students who want to build a strong foundation. The document is structured in an easy-to-follow question-and-answer format, making complex concepts simple to understand and memorize. With a 4.6-star rating from 18 reviews, this is a trusted study aid. Key Topics Covered: The Nursing Process (ADPIE): In-depth breakdown of Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. Therapeutic & Non-Therapeutic Communication: Techniques, helping relationships, SBAR, zones of touch and personal space. Infection Control & Prevention: Chain of infection, standard precautions, hand hygiene, PPE, and sterile field. Vital Signs: Normal ranges, procedures, and implications of abnormalities (fever, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, Cheyne-Stokes). Seizure & Emergency Care: Nursing assessments, interventions, and Code Blue/CAB (CPR) protocols. Skin, Hair, and Nail Assessment: Key alterations, hydration, turgor, and patient hygiene care. Physical Examination: Techniques like inspection, palpation, auscultation, and cultural considerations.

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Uploaded on
October 28, 2025
Number of pages
19
Written in
2025/2026
Type
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FUNdamentals of Nursing - Exam 1
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Terms in this set (159)


Caregiver


Advocate

What are the most important roles of
Educator
the nurse (5)

Researcher


Leader

(1) Assessment


(2) Nursing Diagnosis


(3) Planning
What are the 5 steps in the nursing
process?
(4) Implementation


(5) Evaluation


*** All of the above require critical thinking!

Collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or
situation.
Define Assessment
- info medical personnel can look at
- begins the moment you walk through the door

NO! Only the patient can give subjective info.
Can the RN provide subjective
information about patient?
OBJECTIVE info is what the RN sees, hears, or smells

, Analyze the assessment and make a clinical judgement related to an
ACTUAL or POTENTIAL health problem.

What is the Diagnosis phase?
** Nurses have to be aware of potential risks based on health problems.


** Also collaborate with other specialists to manage the problem(s)

First info → Related to → as evidence by


WHAT is the problem?
WHY is it a problem?
What are the three phases of a Nursing
WHAT is the evidence of that problem?
Diagnosis?

Ex:
"Acute pain → related to surgical incision → as evidence by patient report
(or as evidence by crying)"

This is the statement of how a patient's status will change once
interventions have been successfully instituted


What are the OUTCOMES Identify the expected outcomes when planning for the patient's individual
IDENTIFICATION? situation.


Interventions must be measurable criterion indicating that objectives have
been met.

Develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes.

Define the PLANNING stage of the
- Prioritize strategies
nursing process

- Goals (statement that describes the aim if the nursing care) should be
short term and long term

Describe IMPLEMENTATION of the The actions to facilitate positive patient outcomes
nursing process

Cognitive

What three skills are needed in order
Personal
to implement goals?

Psychomotor

This describes how well the patients needs were met (or not met).
Describe the EVALUATION phase of the
nursing process
Done through reassessment

What percentage of all communication 90%
is nonverbal?

CARING
What two characteristics should nurses
always exude?
COMPETENCE

Verbal interviewing and history taking


How is communication used in the Visual and intuitive observation of nonverbal behavior
Assessment phase of the nursing
process? Visual, tactile, and auditory data gathering during physical examination.


Written medical records, diagnostic tests, and literature review.

, The referent motivates one person to communicate with another.

Define REFERENT
Examples of referents: sights, sounds, odors, time schedules, messages,
objects, emotions, sensations, perceptions, ideas, etc.

The person who encodes and delivers the message.

Define SENDER in communication
Sender puts ideas or feelings into form that is transmitted and is
responsible for accuracy and emotional tone of message content

The person who receives and decodes the message
What is the RECEIVER in the
communication process? ** senders message acts as a referent for the receiver, who is responsible
for attending to, translating, and responding to the message.

MESSAGE in communication process Content of communication.... verbal, nonverbal & symbolic language.

These are the means of conveying the message through visual, auditory,
and tactile senses.

CHANNELS in communication process
Facial expression = visual message
Spoken word = auditory
Touch = tactile

The message that the receiver returns. This indicates if receiver understood
FEEDBACK in communication process
meaning of message. Sender can evaluate effectiveness of communication.

The source has a message and encodes the message.
Explain the communication process Message is sent through a channel
briefly Receiver must first decode the message
Before message can be fully received

Interpersonal


Interpersonal

What are the 5 levels of
Small group
communication in nursing?

Public


Transpersonal

Define Intrapersonal a.k.a. SELF-TALK

Occurs between two people or groups
Define Intrerpersonal
- usually one on one conversation

Define Small Group Communication Committee or a conference

Public Communication Interaction of one person with a group of people

Transpersonal Communication Within a person's spiritual domain

Messages conveyed verbally and nonverbally, concretely and symbolically.


Expression through: Words, movements, voice inflection, facial expression,
Forms of Communication and use of space


Elements can work in harmony to enhance a message OR conflict with one
another to confuse it.

Example Forms of Communication Nurse often the interpreter of medical terminology
VOCABULARY
What is the role of the nurse?
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