Regis NU641 Adv Pharmacology Quiz 1
(Questions & Answers)
hyperlipidemia - high cholesterol levels in the blood, which can
lead to heart dz, stroke and other problems caused by block arteries
Atherosclerosis - Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting
of lipid deposits on the artery walls, which incidences can be reduced with
proper treatment of hyperlipidemia
Treatment goal of hyperlipidemia - lowering of the cholesterol to
appropriate levels to decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke
Non-pharmacology treatment - Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
(TLC) important part of treatment and are not futile
Pharmacology - Medications
Statins - lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production
in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it; has adverse effects that
can occur more frequently at higher doses.
LDL cholesterol - goal of < 70 in high risk patients
goal of < 100 in mod high-risk patients
DM pts w/ acute coronary artery syndrome & multiple or uncontrolled risk
factors; Tx = - TLC, changes in diet restrict refined carbs (sugar &
liquid calories), wgt loss (pt will not be able to participate in aerobic activity if
had previous MI), decreased insulin resistance, decreased BP, improved
cardiovascular conditioning, limit/ restrict ETOH consumption.
Which patients are easier to manage? - Patients at low risk for
developing heart dz.
What med is recommended if the LDL cannot be decreased by a high dose of
potent statin? - Nicotinic acid
, Med combination to lower triglycerides and increase the HDL - a
fibrate/nicotinic acid with statin
Patient Education for Statin - Pt to report report extreme fatigue,
darked-color urine, ck elevated, rhabdomylitis (muscle aches); if reported
stop immediately and check LFT(Liver Fxn Test)
lescol (Statin) - This med can affect liver function and increase
liver enzymes as well cause the pt to feel weak, fatigue and have muscle aches
checking the LFT is recommended
Acute drug induced hepatitis - the Liver enzymes are elevated w/
the use of statin
If pt has acute and chronic hepatitis, liver disease cirrhosis and alcoholism; or
pregnant/breastfeeding mothers - DO NOT PRESCRIBE STATINS
First-line therapy for hyperlipidemia - Therapeutic Life Changes
(TLC) Such as: balanced diet, weight loss, minimize risk factors before
medications
Which drug class is most effective for the management of hyperlipidemia with
concurrent elevated triglycerides (TGs)? - Fibrates
How do you identify the potential serious adverse drug reactions with
hyperlipidemia agents? - Monitor BP within 1 to 3 hours of
administration to check for hypotensive affect
What type of counseling would you give to a pt who just started on
hyperlipidemia agents, such as an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin), etc?
- myopathy and hepatatoxicity
What is the second line treatment options if a patient fails a statin? -
Bile acid-binding resins
Patient factors which preclude use of an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor -
*patients with active hepatic disease or unexplained persistent elevations in
aminotransferase levels
(Questions & Answers)
hyperlipidemia - high cholesterol levels in the blood, which can
lead to heart dz, stroke and other problems caused by block arteries
Atherosclerosis - Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting
of lipid deposits on the artery walls, which incidences can be reduced with
proper treatment of hyperlipidemia
Treatment goal of hyperlipidemia - lowering of the cholesterol to
appropriate levels to decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke
Non-pharmacology treatment - Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
(TLC) important part of treatment and are not futile
Pharmacology - Medications
Statins - lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production
in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it; has adverse effects that
can occur more frequently at higher doses.
LDL cholesterol - goal of < 70 in high risk patients
goal of < 100 in mod high-risk patients
DM pts w/ acute coronary artery syndrome & multiple or uncontrolled risk
factors; Tx = - TLC, changes in diet restrict refined carbs (sugar &
liquid calories), wgt loss (pt will not be able to participate in aerobic activity if
had previous MI), decreased insulin resistance, decreased BP, improved
cardiovascular conditioning, limit/ restrict ETOH consumption.
Which patients are easier to manage? - Patients at low risk for
developing heart dz.
What med is recommended if the LDL cannot be decreased by a high dose of
potent statin? - Nicotinic acid
, Med combination to lower triglycerides and increase the HDL - a
fibrate/nicotinic acid with statin
Patient Education for Statin - Pt to report report extreme fatigue,
darked-color urine, ck elevated, rhabdomylitis (muscle aches); if reported
stop immediately and check LFT(Liver Fxn Test)
lescol (Statin) - This med can affect liver function and increase
liver enzymes as well cause the pt to feel weak, fatigue and have muscle aches
checking the LFT is recommended
Acute drug induced hepatitis - the Liver enzymes are elevated w/
the use of statin
If pt has acute and chronic hepatitis, liver disease cirrhosis and alcoholism; or
pregnant/breastfeeding mothers - DO NOT PRESCRIBE STATINS
First-line therapy for hyperlipidemia - Therapeutic Life Changes
(TLC) Such as: balanced diet, weight loss, minimize risk factors before
medications
Which drug class is most effective for the management of hyperlipidemia with
concurrent elevated triglycerides (TGs)? - Fibrates
How do you identify the potential serious adverse drug reactions with
hyperlipidemia agents? - Monitor BP within 1 to 3 hours of
administration to check for hypotensive affect
What type of counseling would you give to a pt who just started on
hyperlipidemia agents, such as an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin), etc?
- myopathy and hepatatoxicity
What is the second line treatment options if a patient fails a statin? -
Bile acid-binding resins
Patient factors which preclude use of an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor -
*patients with active hepatic disease or unexplained persistent elevations in
aminotransferase levels
