RVT ARDMS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
UPDATE 2025/2026
1. Nutcracker syndrome - ANSWER ✔ Compression of the left renal
vein between the aorta and the SMA.
2. Renal arteries supply what? - ANSWER ✔ Kidneys, suprarenal
glands, ureters.
3. Landmarks for renal artery and vein? - ANSWER ✔ Left renal vein
crosses the aorta anteriorly and is superior to renal artery.
Right renal artery crosses posteriorly to IVC.
4. Two main categories for alternative diagnostic tests related to venous
disease are? - ANSWER ✔ 1. Evaluation for possible venous
thrombosis or venous reflux.
2. Evaluation of a pulmonary embolism (PE).
,5. What is a D-dimer test? - ANSWER ✔ D-dimer is a protien fragment
produced when a blood clot dissolves in the body and is normally
undetectable, but it is measurable when a clot is breaking down. With
an increase of product breakdown, the level of D-dimer in blood rises.
-high level of D-dimer suggests presence of thrombus.
6. Capabilities of D-dimer test? - ANSWER ✔ -measurable product of
thrombolysis detected on a quantitative blood assey.
- can rule out thromboembolism if negative. If positive, has
little specificity but points out need for additional testing to
diagnose cause of hypercoagulability.
7. Limitations of D-dimer? - ANSWER ✔ -there are many different
methods/products to detect D-dimer in blood, causing wide variation
in results obtained.
-D-dimer may be elevated with pregnancy, liver disease, renal
disease, cancer, or any thrombotic process, including recent surgery.
-lacks specificity and positive predictive value.
8. Two types of contrast venography (phlebography) are? - ANSWER ✔
1. Ascending
2. Descending
9. Ascending venography is? - ANSWER ✔ Image the veins from distal
to proximal and detects venous abnormalities including DVT.
, 10. Descending venography is? - ANSWER ✔ Image the veins from
proximal to distal and assess valve function and venous reflux.
11. Capabilities of venography? - ANSWER ✔ -helps evaluation of
acute DVT.
-evaluates congenital venous disease and/or anomalies.
-assists in evaluation of chronic venous changes.
-can detect and quantify reversed flow.
12. Limitations of venography? - ANSWER ✔ -highly technical in
technique and interpretation.
-expensive
-may be uncomfortable for patients
-can have allergic reactions in patients with severe allergies to iodine,
troublesome in patients with severe peripheral vascular occlusive
disease
-exposes patients to radiation
13. How is ascending venography preformed? - ANSWER ✔ Requires
contrast agent to be injected into a distal superficial vein and directed
into the deep system.
-lower extremity study, a vein on dorsum of foot is used.
-upper extremity study, the basilic or cephalic may be used.
-Serial x-rays are taken as contrast material passes through some of
the deep veins.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
UPDATE 2025/2026
1. Nutcracker syndrome - ANSWER ✔ Compression of the left renal
vein between the aorta and the SMA.
2. Renal arteries supply what? - ANSWER ✔ Kidneys, suprarenal
glands, ureters.
3. Landmarks for renal artery and vein? - ANSWER ✔ Left renal vein
crosses the aorta anteriorly and is superior to renal artery.
Right renal artery crosses posteriorly to IVC.
4. Two main categories for alternative diagnostic tests related to venous
disease are? - ANSWER ✔ 1. Evaluation for possible venous
thrombosis or venous reflux.
2. Evaluation of a pulmonary embolism (PE).
,5. What is a D-dimer test? - ANSWER ✔ D-dimer is a protien fragment
produced when a blood clot dissolves in the body and is normally
undetectable, but it is measurable when a clot is breaking down. With
an increase of product breakdown, the level of D-dimer in blood rises.
-high level of D-dimer suggests presence of thrombus.
6. Capabilities of D-dimer test? - ANSWER ✔ -measurable product of
thrombolysis detected on a quantitative blood assey.
- can rule out thromboembolism if negative. If positive, has
little specificity but points out need for additional testing to
diagnose cause of hypercoagulability.
7. Limitations of D-dimer? - ANSWER ✔ -there are many different
methods/products to detect D-dimer in blood, causing wide variation
in results obtained.
-D-dimer may be elevated with pregnancy, liver disease, renal
disease, cancer, or any thrombotic process, including recent surgery.
-lacks specificity and positive predictive value.
8. Two types of contrast venography (phlebography) are? - ANSWER ✔
1. Ascending
2. Descending
9. Ascending venography is? - ANSWER ✔ Image the veins from distal
to proximal and detects venous abnormalities including DVT.
, 10. Descending venography is? - ANSWER ✔ Image the veins from
proximal to distal and assess valve function and venous reflux.
11. Capabilities of venography? - ANSWER ✔ -helps evaluation of
acute DVT.
-evaluates congenital venous disease and/or anomalies.
-assists in evaluation of chronic venous changes.
-can detect and quantify reversed flow.
12. Limitations of venography? - ANSWER ✔ -highly technical in
technique and interpretation.
-expensive
-may be uncomfortable for patients
-can have allergic reactions in patients with severe allergies to iodine,
troublesome in patients with severe peripheral vascular occlusive
disease
-exposes patients to radiation
13. How is ascending venography preformed? - ANSWER ✔ Requires
contrast agent to be injected into a distal superficial vein and directed
into the deep system.
-lower extremity study, a vein on dorsum of foot is used.
-upper extremity study, the basilic or cephalic may be used.
-Serial x-rays are taken as contrast material passes through some of
the deep veins.
