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EXAM 2 NR 545 WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - correct answer_ Patho: Chest pain
associated with decreased blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial
tissue.
Chest pain PA - correct answer_ Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - correct answer_ Pharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes and
widens blood vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
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Chest pain risks - correct answer_ Risks and complications: Acute
Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - correct answer_ blood flow to the heart is
minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
MI Patho - correct answer_ imbalance between myocardial oxygen
supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue death.
MI PA - correct answer_ Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
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MI Dx - correct answer_ Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one
week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - correct answer_ when blood vessels that carry oxygen
to organs and tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - correct answer_ inflammatory process that
begins with damage to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking,
high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - correct answer_ modifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
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Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - correct answer_ Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - correct answer_ Pharm: Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and pressure on
heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - correct answer_ complex clinical syndrome that results
from structural or functional impairment of ventricular or ejection of
blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea
and fatigue, edema, and rales.
EXAM 2 NR 545 WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - correct answer_ Patho: Chest pain
associated with decreased blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial
tissue.
Chest pain PA - correct answer_ Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - correct answer_ Pharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes and
widens blood vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
,2|Page
Chest pain risks - correct answer_ Risks and complications: Acute
Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - correct answer_ blood flow to the heart is
minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
MI Patho - correct answer_ imbalance between myocardial oxygen
supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue death.
MI PA - correct answer_ Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
,3|Page
MI Dx - correct answer_ Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one
week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - correct answer_ when blood vessels that carry oxygen
to organs and tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - correct answer_ inflammatory process that
begins with damage to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking,
high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - correct answer_ modifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
, 4|Page
Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - correct answer_ Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - correct answer_ Pharm: Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and pressure on
heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - correct answer_ complex clinical syndrome that results
from structural or functional impairment of ventricular or ejection of
blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea
and fatigue, edema, and rales.
