Primary vs Secondary immunodeficiency
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, Primary immunodeficiency: entire immune defense system is inadequate
and individual is missing some, or all, of the components necessary for a
complete immune response
Secondary immunodeficiency: loss of immune functioning (in a person with
previously normal immune function) as a result of an illness or treatment
Pathophysiology of Parkinsons
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Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in substantia nigra
Disturbs normal balance of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (Ach) in basal
ganglia
Manifestations occur when 80% neurons gone in substantia nigra
Lewy bodies in brains of pts w PD
Anticholinergics
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Atropine
conservative treatment of pancreatitis
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, supportive care
pain management
avoid anticholinergic meds if pt has paralytic ileus
NPO, need NGT
abx for infxn
some pancreatitis (w/o necrosis or cysts) dont req surgery
pancreatic enzymes activated inside pancreas instead of small intestine
place feeding tube into small intestine instead of stomach - food digested
in small intestine
Trends of who gets MS more
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•Seen more in temperate climates (US, Canada, Europe)
•Pre-pubescent environmental exposure believed to play a part in
developing MS
•Less common in Hispanics, Asians, and African descent. Rare in Alaskan
Natives and Aborigines
Secondary (atypical) parkinsonism causes
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, exposures - carbon monoxide, copper miners
meds - lithium, haldol, reglan
illicit drugs - amphetamines
hydrocephalus, infxn, stroke, brain tumor
most can be reversed once we treat cause
where is bile made
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liver
made from bile salts, cholesterol
cholesterol made in liver but stored in gallbladder
high cholesterol can cause biliary sludge which may precipitate into
gallstones
cholelithiasis causes
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↑ cholesterol
↑ fat diet → excessive bile
pregnancy (hormones prevent gallbladder from contracting effectively)
Native Americans
Give this one a try later!
, Primary immunodeficiency: entire immune defense system is inadequate
and individual is missing some, or all, of the components necessary for a
complete immune response
Secondary immunodeficiency: loss of immune functioning (in a person with
previously normal immune function) as a result of an illness or treatment
Pathophysiology of Parkinsons
Give this one a try later!
Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in substantia nigra
Disturbs normal balance of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (Ach) in basal
ganglia
Manifestations occur when 80% neurons gone in substantia nigra
Lewy bodies in brains of pts w PD
Anticholinergics
Give this one a try later!
Atropine
conservative treatment of pancreatitis
Give this one a try later!
, supportive care
pain management
avoid anticholinergic meds if pt has paralytic ileus
NPO, need NGT
abx for infxn
some pancreatitis (w/o necrosis or cysts) dont req surgery
pancreatic enzymes activated inside pancreas instead of small intestine
place feeding tube into small intestine instead of stomach - food digested
in small intestine
Trends of who gets MS more
Give this one a try later!
•Seen more in temperate climates (US, Canada, Europe)
•Pre-pubescent environmental exposure believed to play a part in
developing MS
•Less common in Hispanics, Asians, and African descent. Rare in Alaskan
Natives and Aborigines
Secondary (atypical) parkinsonism causes
Give this one a try later!
, exposures - carbon monoxide, copper miners
meds - lithium, haldol, reglan
illicit drugs - amphetamines
hydrocephalus, infxn, stroke, brain tumor
most can be reversed once we treat cause
where is bile made
Give this one a try later!
liver
made from bile salts, cholesterol
cholesterol made in liver but stored in gallbladder
high cholesterol can cause biliary sludge which may precipitate into
gallstones
cholelithiasis causes
Give this one a try later!
↑ cholesterol
↑ fat diet → excessive bile
pregnancy (hormones prevent gallbladder from contracting effectively)
Native Americans
