KNS 200 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
goals of motor behavior - Answer --To understand how motor skills are learned
-To understand how motor skills are controlled
-To understand how the learning and control of motor skills change across the lifespan
why use motor behavior? - Answer --Understand the process of skill development,
control, and change over time (basic goals)
-Practice - what, how, and how much?
effective uses of cues and feedback... - Answer -guides us in providing better situations
for learning and practice
develop 'expert performers' - why? - Answer --To teach
-To reach elite levels of sport and performance
-Safety
what do motor behaviorists do? - Answer --Colleges of universities: Teaching,
Research, Service
-Other research facilities: hospitals, industry, military
three subdisciplines of motor behavior - Answer --Motor Learning
-Motor Control
-Motor Development
motor learning - Answer -acquisition of skilled movements as a result of practice
motor control - Answer -the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
-includes 'automatic' skills/movements
-essential for all movement
motor development - Answer -developmental view of motor learning and motor control
across a lifespan
motor movements beyond sport - Answer --Babies learning how to use spoon and fork
-Dentists learning to control drill while looking in a mirror
-Surgeons controlling a scalpel; microscopic surgeons using laser
-Children learning to ride a bicycle or to roller skate
-Teenagers learning to drive
research methods for motor behavior - Answer --measuring movements
-assessing movement task characteristics
-measuring learning
-studying expert performers
, research methods for motor behavior: measuring movements - Answer --reaction time
-# successful trials / # attempts
-quantification of movement kinematics
research methods for motor behavior: assessing movement task characteristics -
Answer --Continuous vs. Discrete
-Open vs. Closed (open: situation is different every time; closed: same situation every
time (pitching machine))
research methods for motor behavior: measuring learning - Answer --learning is the
goal of practice
-learning is determined by retention and transfer
-learning novel tasks vs. usual tasks
retention - Answer -the degree to which aspects of Skill A can be effectively performed
after a period of time with no practice
transfer - Answer -the degree to which practice on Skill A improves performance on
Skill B (different but related)
research methods for motor behavior: studying expert performers - Answer -What do
expert performers do during practice and competition? How does it differ from novices?
-Skill
-Decision-making
-Game performance
note of transference: - Answer --knowledge and skills of sport are often highly specific
to that sport
-in many cases, information helps us understand how learning occurs across many
other skills
overview of knowledge in motor behavior - Answer -'Information Processing' model
goal of motor behavior - Answer -explain response selection and response execution
(i.e., how the target skill is selected and how it is performed)
motor learning principles - Answer --principle 1
-principle 2
principle 1 - Answer -correct practice improves performance and supports learning
principle 2 - Answer -augmented feedback enhances practice (and thereby learning)
practice - Answer --repetition is key (but not sufficient in and of itself): cognitive
demands are high initially, but will become more automatic / pre-programmed
goals of motor behavior - Answer --To understand how motor skills are learned
-To understand how motor skills are controlled
-To understand how the learning and control of motor skills change across the lifespan
why use motor behavior? - Answer --Understand the process of skill development,
control, and change over time (basic goals)
-Practice - what, how, and how much?
effective uses of cues and feedback... - Answer -guides us in providing better situations
for learning and practice
develop 'expert performers' - why? - Answer --To teach
-To reach elite levels of sport and performance
-Safety
what do motor behaviorists do? - Answer --Colleges of universities: Teaching,
Research, Service
-Other research facilities: hospitals, industry, military
three subdisciplines of motor behavior - Answer --Motor Learning
-Motor Control
-Motor Development
motor learning - Answer -acquisition of skilled movements as a result of practice
motor control - Answer -the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
-includes 'automatic' skills/movements
-essential for all movement
motor development - Answer -developmental view of motor learning and motor control
across a lifespan
motor movements beyond sport - Answer --Babies learning how to use spoon and fork
-Dentists learning to control drill while looking in a mirror
-Surgeons controlling a scalpel; microscopic surgeons using laser
-Children learning to ride a bicycle or to roller skate
-Teenagers learning to drive
research methods for motor behavior - Answer --measuring movements
-assessing movement task characteristics
-measuring learning
-studying expert performers
, research methods for motor behavior: measuring movements - Answer --reaction time
-# successful trials / # attempts
-quantification of movement kinematics
research methods for motor behavior: assessing movement task characteristics -
Answer --Continuous vs. Discrete
-Open vs. Closed (open: situation is different every time; closed: same situation every
time (pitching machine))
research methods for motor behavior: measuring learning - Answer --learning is the
goal of practice
-learning is determined by retention and transfer
-learning novel tasks vs. usual tasks
retention - Answer -the degree to which aspects of Skill A can be effectively performed
after a period of time with no practice
transfer - Answer -the degree to which practice on Skill A improves performance on
Skill B (different but related)
research methods for motor behavior: studying expert performers - Answer -What do
expert performers do during practice and competition? How does it differ from novices?
-Skill
-Decision-making
-Game performance
note of transference: - Answer --knowledge and skills of sport are often highly specific
to that sport
-in many cases, information helps us understand how learning occurs across many
other skills
overview of knowledge in motor behavior - Answer -'Information Processing' model
goal of motor behavior - Answer -explain response selection and response execution
(i.e., how the target skill is selected and how it is performed)
motor learning principles - Answer --principle 1
-principle 2
principle 1 - Answer -correct practice improves performance and supports learning
principle 2 - Answer -augmented feedback enhances practice (and thereby learning)
practice - Answer --repetition is key (but not sufficient in and of itself): cognitive
demands are high initially, but will become more automatic / pre-programmed
