INPA Midterm UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
cerebrovascular accident - CORRECT ANSWER - - ischemic: clot causing embolic stroke
or plaque causing thrombotic stroke
- hemorrhagic: burst aneurysm causing subarachnoid hemorrhage, torn artery causing
intracerebral hemorrhage
- s/s: difficulty walking, blurred vision, paralysis/weakness to one side, difficulty speaking and
understanding
carbon dioxide retention - CORRECT ANSWER - - also called hypercapnea
- condition of abnormally high elevation of carbon dioxide in the blood
- carbon dioxide is a gaseous product of the body's metabolism that is usually expelled through
the lungs
- s/s: headache, dizziness, fatigue, can cause seizures and loss of consciousness
- generally caused by hypoventilation, lung disease, or diminished consciousness
arteriosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - - thickening and hardening of arteries occurring
typically in old age
- s/s: angina, pain in leg, arm or anywhere with blocked artery, shortness of breath, fatigue,
confusion, muscle weakness
- may start with damage or injury to the inner layer of an artery
- can be caused by high cholesterol or high blood pressure
clostridium difficile - CORRECT ANSWER - - bacterium that causes diarrhea and
inflammation of the colon (colitis)
- risk factors: taking antibiotics, being 65 and over, recent hospitalizations, weakened immune
system, previous infection
- s/s: diarrhea, fever, stomach tenderness or pain, loss of appetite, nausea
- precautions: contact
, heart disease - CORRECT ANSWER - - risks: high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
smoking, age, family history, diet high in saturated trans fats, alcohol, tobacco use, physical
inactivity
- s/s: chest pain, tightness, pressure, shortness of breath, weakness in legs or arms, pain in neck,
jaw, throat, upper abdomen, back
auscultating the heart and lung sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - - use diaphragm and bell
of the stethoscope
- diaphragm most commonly used for high frequency sounds (S1 S2)
cardiopulmonary function - CORRECT ANSWER - - regulates flow of blood between
heart and lungs
- centres upon connection between heart and lungs made with the pulmonary artery
left sided heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - - occurs when left ventricle gradually
weakens, heart unable to pump blood
- systolic: when left ventricle can't contract enough to keep blood circulating normally, deprives
body from blood
- diastolic: when left ventricle grown stiff or thick, unable to fill lower left chamber and reduces
amount of blood pumped
- s/s: awakening with short of breath, chronic coughing or wheezing, difficulty concentrating,
fatigue, edema, nausea, lack of appetite, arrhythmia, weight gain, enlarged heart, high BP,
tachycardia
right sided heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - - occurs when the right ventricle has
difficulty pumping blood to your lungs
- blood backs up in vessels, causes fluid retention
- risks: high BP, coronary artery disease, valve conditions
- s/s: dyspnea, fatigue, edema, lethargy, distended jugular vein
limiting spread of pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER - - hand hygiene
CORRECT Answers
cerebrovascular accident - CORRECT ANSWER - - ischemic: clot causing embolic stroke
or plaque causing thrombotic stroke
- hemorrhagic: burst aneurysm causing subarachnoid hemorrhage, torn artery causing
intracerebral hemorrhage
- s/s: difficulty walking, blurred vision, paralysis/weakness to one side, difficulty speaking and
understanding
carbon dioxide retention - CORRECT ANSWER - - also called hypercapnea
- condition of abnormally high elevation of carbon dioxide in the blood
- carbon dioxide is a gaseous product of the body's metabolism that is usually expelled through
the lungs
- s/s: headache, dizziness, fatigue, can cause seizures and loss of consciousness
- generally caused by hypoventilation, lung disease, or diminished consciousness
arteriosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - - thickening and hardening of arteries occurring
typically in old age
- s/s: angina, pain in leg, arm or anywhere with blocked artery, shortness of breath, fatigue,
confusion, muscle weakness
- may start with damage or injury to the inner layer of an artery
- can be caused by high cholesterol or high blood pressure
clostridium difficile - CORRECT ANSWER - - bacterium that causes diarrhea and
inflammation of the colon (colitis)
- risk factors: taking antibiotics, being 65 and over, recent hospitalizations, weakened immune
system, previous infection
- s/s: diarrhea, fever, stomach tenderness or pain, loss of appetite, nausea
- precautions: contact
, heart disease - CORRECT ANSWER - - risks: high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
smoking, age, family history, diet high in saturated trans fats, alcohol, tobacco use, physical
inactivity
- s/s: chest pain, tightness, pressure, shortness of breath, weakness in legs or arms, pain in neck,
jaw, throat, upper abdomen, back
auscultating the heart and lung sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - - use diaphragm and bell
of the stethoscope
- diaphragm most commonly used for high frequency sounds (S1 S2)
cardiopulmonary function - CORRECT ANSWER - - regulates flow of blood between
heart and lungs
- centres upon connection between heart and lungs made with the pulmonary artery
left sided heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - - occurs when left ventricle gradually
weakens, heart unable to pump blood
- systolic: when left ventricle can't contract enough to keep blood circulating normally, deprives
body from blood
- diastolic: when left ventricle grown stiff or thick, unable to fill lower left chamber and reduces
amount of blood pumped
- s/s: awakening with short of breath, chronic coughing or wheezing, difficulty concentrating,
fatigue, edema, nausea, lack of appetite, arrhythmia, weight gain, enlarged heart, high BP,
tachycardia
right sided heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - - occurs when the right ventricle has
difficulty pumping blood to your lungs
- blood backs up in vessels, causes fluid retention
- risks: high BP, coronary artery disease, valve conditions
- s/s: dyspnea, fatigue, edema, lethargy, distended jugular vein
limiting spread of pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER - - hand hygiene
