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Wernicke's area - ANSWER ✓ damage results in inappropriate or nonsensical
word choice; makes speech fluid and understandable or make sense; in temporal
lobe
temporal lobe - ANSWER ✓ by your ears and temples; contain areas involved in
hearing, memory, perception, emotion, and language
parietal lobe - ANSWER ✓ located at the top of the head; contain areas that
receive info on pressure, pain, touch, and temperature
occipital lobe - ANSWER ✓ located at the lower part of the head; contains areas
that receive visual info
frontal lobe - ANSWER ✓ located at the front of the brain; contains areas
involved in short-term memory, higher-order thinking, initiative, social judgment,
and speech production
localization of function - ANSWER ✓ specialization of particular brain areas
cerebral cortex - ANSWER ✓ gray matter; 3 mm thick, 3/4 of neurons are here
amygdala - ANSWER ✓ initial evaluation of sensory info to determine its
importance; mediation of anxiety and depression; emotions, particularly anger
hippocampus - ANSWER ✓ memory; formation of new memories about facts and
events
corpus callosum - ANSWER ✓ nerve fibers that join left and right hemispheres
,pons - ANSWER ✓ regulates sleep wake cycle and dreaming
medulla - ANSWER ✓ regulates heartbeat and breathing
cerebellum - ANSWER ✓ regulates balance and coordination; also contains
memory for simple skills and learned reflexes
thalamus - ANSWER ✓ relay of impulses from higher centers to the spinal cord,
and of incoming sensory info to other brain centers
primary somatosensory - ANSWER ✓ deals mostly with senses in the hands and
face
pituitary gland - ANSWER ✓ MASTER GLAND; regulates activites of several
other glands; produces growth hormones; size of a cherry
thyroid gland - ANSWER ✓ controls body metabolism rate
pineal gland - ANSWER ✓ produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake
cycles
hormones - ANSWER ✓ chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream by
endocrine glands and effect functioning of target organs and tissues
endocrine system - ANSWER ✓ system of glands located throughout the body
that secrete hormones into the bloodstream; controlled by hypothalamus
adrenal glands - ANSWER ✓ produce epinephrine and norepinephrine which
cause physical arousal in response to danger, fear, anger, stress, and other strong
emotions; fight./flight, stress, and sympathetic nervous system
pancreas - ANSWER ✓ regulates blood sugar and insulin levels; involved in
hunger; if this isn't functioning, diabetes
ovaries - ANSWER ✓ secretes estrogen and progesterone which regulate female
sexual development and reproduction and influence sexual behavior
, testes - ANSWER ✓ secrete testosterone, which regulates male sexual
development and reproduction and influences sexual behavior
CAT - ANSWER ✓ permits 3D imaging of a living human brain
MRI - ANSWER ✓ produces pictures of inner brain structures
EEG - ANSWER ✓ (electrical) measures brain activity on a millisecond-by-
millisecond basis
PET - ANSWER ✓ (positron emission tomography scanning) 3 techniques that
use radioactive energy to map exact regions of brain activity; inject radioactive
element into the brain; measured by amount of glucose being used
plasticity - ANSWER ✓ the brain is flexible and parts adapt to perform functions
if needed
Central Nervous System - ANSWER ✓ Portion of the nervous system consisting of
the brain and the spinal cord
Spinal Reflexes - ANSWER ✓ Automatic behaviors produced by the spinal cord
without brain involvement
Spinal Cord - ANSWER ✓ A collection of neurons and supporting tissue running
from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of
bones
Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER ✓ All portions of the nervous system
outside the brain and spinal cord; it includes sensory and motor nerves
Somatic Nervous System - ANSWER ✓ The subdivision of the peripheral nervous
system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles; sometimes
called the skeletal nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER ✓ The subdivision of the peripheral
nervous system that regulates internal organs and glands