WGU D002 PRACTICE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Irving Independent School District v. Tatro (1984) - ✔✔Clean intermittent
catheterization (CIC) is a related service when necessary to allow a student to stay in
school. Schools must provide services needed to allow a student to attend school.
✔✔Honig vs Doe (1988) - ✔✔School administrators tried to indefinitely expel two
students with emotional disturbance disorders for their violent and disruptive conduct.
As the behavior was a consequence of their disability, the plaintiffs held that the school
was in violation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHA, now IDEA).
Court ruled that children with emotional and all behavioral disabilities could not be
excluded from school indefinitely if the behavior was determined to be a manifestation
of their disability. Set the standard of 10 days as the line between short-term discipline
and indefinitely. Led to implementation of due process and manifested terminations.
- If a student is considered dangerous, school personnel may request a hearing officer
to bring the student to an Interim Alternative Educational Setting (IAES) for up to 45
days. Parents can appeal either decision, but the child will remain in the alternative
setting while the appeal is conducted.
✔✔Daniel RR v. State Board of Education (1989) - ✔✔Daniel, a student with down
syndrome, was not benefiting from placement in a general classroom, leading the
school to recommend that he be placed full-time in a self-contained classroom. His
parents wanted him exposed to non-disabled peers and felt that the school was in
violation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHA, now IDEA). Court
ruled that the state board of education had provided a FAPE for Daniel to the maximum
extent appropriate in the LRE and was not a violation of the EAHA.
✔✔Florence County School District v. Shannon Carter (1993) & Forest Grove School
District v. T.A. (2009) - ✔✔Coping with disabilities can be expensive. Questions of cost
were at the heart of both of these cases. Who foots the bill when students cannot be
provided a FAPE and parents are forced to take action themselves? Both courts ruled
that when public schools fail to provide a FAPE requiring parents to turn to private
schools, parents are to be reimbursed.
✔✔Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017) - ✔✔What are the expectations
of an IEP? A student on the autism spectrum had made almost no progress on his IEP
goals. Parents argued that he should have an equal opportunity to achieve and be
placed in a general education classroom. School argued that he only had the right to a
minimal benefit from his IEP and thus they had followed the law. Court ruled that IDEA
expects that students can be integrated into regular classrooms and are expected to
advance like others. Clarified the intent of IDEA that students with disabilities will make
meaningful progress to meet appropriate goals.
✔✔Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
, Initial preparation standards: - ✔✔1. Learner Development and
Individual Learning Differences
2. Learning Environments
3. Curricular Content Knowledge
4. Assessment
5. Instructional Planning and Strategies
6. Professional Learning and Ethical Practice
7. Collaboration
✔✔Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 - ✔✔First law to specifically
address the education of students with disabilities. Provided significant federal funding
for education, emphasizing equal access to education
✔✔Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1974) - ✔✔Increased federal special
education funding and charged states with the task of creating full educational
opportunities for students with disabilities. It was amended a year later to include ALL
children with disabilities aged 3-21 and included child find.
✔✔Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 94-142) - ✔✔Amendment of EAHCA,
implemented the child find program and mandated that states follow the law in order to
receive federal funding. Included all people with disabilities between ages of 3 and 21.
✔✔Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - ✔✔EHA expanded to include
infants and young children. Included rights to zero reject, free appropriate public
education (FAPE), least restrictive environment (LRE), nondiscriminatory evaluation,
parent and family rights, and procedural safeguards.
✔✔Zero reject - ✔✔Principle of IDEA that entitles all students with disabilities to a public
education regardless of their disabilities. To accomplish this, each state has a child find
system. This principle is directly related to the PARC and Mills cases, in which parents
won the right for their children to attend public schools.
✔✔Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - ✔✔Principle of IDEA: The
education to which all students with disabilities are entitled to. Includes all school-aged
children with disabilities. Family members cannot be asked to pay for special education
services. If a student needs to be educated outside the student's school district, the
school district usually bears the cost for that placement. Also clarifies that the student's
education must incorporate special education through specially designed instruction,
related services, and supplementary aids and services. These elements are captured in
the student's IEP.
- Rowley & Endrew cases
✔✔Least restrictive environment (LRE) - ✔✔Principle of IDEA: How students receive
FAPE. Students must be educated in the setting most like that of typical peers in which
they can succeed when provided with the needed supports and services.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Irving Independent School District v. Tatro (1984) - ✔✔Clean intermittent
catheterization (CIC) is a related service when necessary to allow a student to stay in
school. Schools must provide services needed to allow a student to attend school.
✔✔Honig vs Doe (1988) - ✔✔School administrators tried to indefinitely expel two
students with emotional disturbance disorders for their violent and disruptive conduct.
As the behavior was a consequence of their disability, the plaintiffs held that the school
was in violation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHA, now IDEA).
Court ruled that children with emotional and all behavioral disabilities could not be
excluded from school indefinitely if the behavior was determined to be a manifestation
of their disability. Set the standard of 10 days as the line between short-term discipline
and indefinitely. Led to implementation of due process and manifested terminations.
- If a student is considered dangerous, school personnel may request a hearing officer
to bring the student to an Interim Alternative Educational Setting (IAES) for up to 45
days. Parents can appeal either decision, but the child will remain in the alternative
setting while the appeal is conducted.
✔✔Daniel RR v. State Board of Education (1989) - ✔✔Daniel, a student with down
syndrome, was not benefiting from placement in a general classroom, leading the
school to recommend that he be placed full-time in a self-contained classroom. His
parents wanted him exposed to non-disabled peers and felt that the school was in
violation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHA, now IDEA). Court
ruled that the state board of education had provided a FAPE for Daniel to the maximum
extent appropriate in the LRE and was not a violation of the EAHA.
✔✔Florence County School District v. Shannon Carter (1993) & Forest Grove School
District v. T.A. (2009) - ✔✔Coping with disabilities can be expensive. Questions of cost
were at the heart of both of these cases. Who foots the bill when students cannot be
provided a FAPE and parents are forced to take action themselves? Both courts ruled
that when public schools fail to provide a FAPE requiring parents to turn to private
schools, parents are to be reimbursed.
✔✔Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017) - ✔✔What are the expectations
of an IEP? A student on the autism spectrum had made almost no progress on his IEP
goals. Parents argued that he should have an equal opportunity to achieve and be
placed in a general education classroom. School argued that he only had the right to a
minimal benefit from his IEP and thus they had followed the law. Court ruled that IDEA
expects that students can be integrated into regular classrooms and are expected to
advance like others. Clarified the intent of IDEA that students with disabilities will make
meaningful progress to meet appropriate goals.
✔✔Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
, Initial preparation standards: - ✔✔1. Learner Development and
Individual Learning Differences
2. Learning Environments
3. Curricular Content Knowledge
4. Assessment
5. Instructional Planning and Strategies
6. Professional Learning and Ethical Practice
7. Collaboration
✔✔Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 - ✔✔First law to specifically
address the education of students with disabilities. Provided significant federal funding
for education, emphasizing equal access to education
✔✔Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1974) - ✔✔Increased federal special
education funding and charged states with the task of creating full educational
opportunities for students with disabilities. It was amended a year later to include ALL
children with disabilities aged 3-21 and included child find.
✔✔Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 94-142) - ✔✔Amendment of EAHCA,
implemented the child find program and mandated that states follow the law in order to
receive federal funding. Included all people with disabilities between ages of 3 and 21.
✔✔Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - ✔✔EHA expanded to include
infants and young children. Included rights to zero reject, free appropriate public
education (FAPE), least restrictive environment (LRE), nondiscriminatory evaluation,
parent and family rights, and procedural safeguards.
✔✔Zero reject - ✔✔Principle of IDEA that entitles all students with disabilities to a public
education regardless of their disabilities. To accomplish this, each state has a child find
system. This principle is directly related to the PARC and Mills cases, in which parents
won the right for their children to attend public schools.
✔✔Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - ✔✔Principle of IDEA: The
education to which all students with disabilities are entitled to. Includes all school-aged
children with disabilities. Family members cannot be asked to pay for special education
services. If a student needs to be educated outside the student's school district, the
school district usually bears the cost for that placement. Also clarifies that the student's
education must incorporate special education through specially designed instruction,
related services, and supplementary aids and services. These elements are captured in
the student's IEP.
- Rowley & Endrew cases
✔✔Least restrictive environment (LRE) - ✔✔Principle of IDEA: How students receive
FAPE. Students must be educated in the setting most like that of typical peers in which
they can succeed when provided with the needed supports and services.
