ORAL PATHOLOGY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Ankyloglossia cause - ✔✔*caused by short lingual frenum
✔✔Nicotine Stomatitis appearance - ✔✔*white lesion
*COURSE, WHITE, WRINKLED
*RED, RAISED DOTS, DUCT OPENINGS OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
✔✔Nicotine Stomatitis location - ✔✔*benign seen on hard palate of heavy smokers
✔✔Nicotine Stomatitis cause - ✔✔*smokers: pipe, cigars, cigarettes
*initial response to heat: erythematous
*over time keratinization w/ opaque appearance
✔✔Candidiasis - ✔✔*white lesions
*most COMMON oral infection
✔✔Candidiasis seen in patients with? - ✔✔*immuno-suppressed: antibiotic therapy,
chemo, HIV, xerostomia, DENTURES, DIABETES
✔✔Candidiasis treatment - ✔✔topical: nystatin, clotrimazole
Systemic: ketoconazol, fluconazole (Diflucan)
✔✔Types of candidiasis - ✔✔pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic atrophic
candidiasis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis
✔✔Pseudomembranous Candidiasis - ✔✔*white plagues that wipe off w/ underlying red
mucosa
*burning/ metallic taste
*thrush; superficial candidiasis
✔✔Erythematous Candidiasis - ✔✔*red mucosa
*painful
*localized or generalized
*"acute atrophic candidiasis "
✔✔Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis - ✔✔*presents as erythematous mucosa, limited to
mucosa covered by partial/denture
*"denture stomatitis"
*asymptomatic
✔✔Angular Cheilitis Candidiasis - ✔✔*redness/ fissuring labial commissure
*nutritional deficiency? (insufficient riboflavin: B2)
,* accompanies intra oral candidiasis
*lip licker
✔✔Median Rhomboid Glossitis Candidiasis - ✔✔*relation w/ MRG & candidiasis
*erythematous area @ midline of dorsum tongue
*asymptomatic
*immunocompromised patients
✔✔Leukoedema appearance - ✔✔*White lesion
*benign
*gray-white film on buccal mucosa: opaque look
*STRETCHES mucosa makes opalescence less noticeable
✔✔Leukoedema seen in what population? - ✔✔African American
✔✔Leukoedema treatment - ✔✔*no treatment required: CLINICAL APPEARANCE is
important
✔✔Linea Alba - ✔✔*white lesion: hyperkeratotic
*"white line"
✔✔Linea Alba location - ✔✔*antero-posteriorly on buccal mucosa along occlusal plane
*could be bilateral
✔✔Linea Alba seen with patients that? - ✔✔brux/clench
✔✔Leukoplakia Appearance - ✔✔*white patch/ plaque that CAN'T be wiped off
*can't be characterized clinically as any other disease
*microscopically can range from hyperkeratosis-squamous cell carcinoma
✔✔Leukoplakia cause - ✔✔*related to tobacco
✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia Appearance - ✔✔*white patch seen on lateral borders of tongue
✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia cause - ✔✔*Epstein-Barr virus in association w/ HIV
*Low CD4 counts
-Could be first oral manifestation of HIV disease
✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia treatment - ✔✔Benign lesion
No treatment
✔✔Melanotic Macule - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*oral freckle, oral focal melanosis, oral ephelis
, ✔✔Melanotic Macule appearance - ✔✔*Flat, brown lesion
*not dependent on sun exposure
✔✔Melanotic Macule location - ✔✔*lower lip: also intra oral
✔✔Melanotic Macule treatment - ✔✔no treatment
*monitor size/changes
✔✔Amalgam Tattoo - ✔✔*MOST COMMON PIGMENTED LESION
*focal argyrosis
✔✔Amalgam Tattoo cause - ✔✔*amalgam particles in soft tissue: refer to xrays
✔✔Fordyce's Granules - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*intra oral SEBACEOUS (oil) GLANDS
*Seen in over 80% of population
✔✔Fordyce's Granules appearance - ✔✔*small yellow nodules on buccal mucosa,
vermillion, after puberty
✔✔Varicosities - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*dilated superficial veins
✔✔Varicosities location - ✔✔ventral tongue
✔✔Addison's Disease what is it? - ✔✔*primary adrenal cortical insufficiency
*insufficient production of adrenal steroids due to destruction of adrenal gland
✔✔Addison's Disease - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*Stimulation of melanocytes leads to diffuse pigmentation of the skin
✔✔Addison's Disease appearance - ✔✔*melanotic macules on buccal mucosa, gingiva,
possibly tongue, lips
*Petechiae on palate
*Bronzing/ tinted skin
✔✔Irritation/ Traumatic Fibroma - ✔✔*CT lesions
*MOST COMMON TUMOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY
*persistant exophytic lesion
*composed of dense, scar-like CT
*reactive hyperplasia of fibrous CT in response to irritation or trauma
*PAINLESS
✔✔Irritation/ Traumatic Fibroma cause - ✔✔chronic trauma: cheek biting
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Ankyloglossia cause - ✔✔*caused by short lingual frenum
✔✔Nicotine Stomatitis appearance - ✔✔*white lesion
*COURSE, WHITE, WRINKLED
*RED, RAISED DOTS, DUCT OPENINGS OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
✔✔Nicotine Stomatitis location - ✔✔*benign seen on hard palate of heavy smokers
✔✔Nicotine Stomatitis cause - ✔✔*smokers: pipe, cigars, cigarettes
*initial response to heat: erythematous
*over time keratinization w/ opaque appearance
✔✔Candidiasis - ✔✔*white lesions
*most COMMON oral infection
✔✔Candidiasis seen in patients with? - ✔✔*immuno-suppressed: antibiotic therapy,
chemo, HIV, xerostomia, DENTURES, DIABETES
✔✔Candidiasis treatment - ✔✔topical: nystatin, clotrimazole
Systemic: ketoconazol, fluconazole (Diflucan)
✔✔Types of candidiasis - ✔✔pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic atrophic
candidiasis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis
✔✔Pseudomembranous Candidiasis - ✔✔*white plagues that wipe off w/ underlying red
mucosa
*burning/ metallic taste
*thrush; superficial candidiasis
✔✔Erythematous Candidiasis - ✔✔*red mucosa
*painful
*localized or generalized
*"acute atrophic candidiasis "
✔✔Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis - ✔✔*presents as erythematous mucosa, limited to
mucosa covered by partial/denture
*"denture stomatitis"
*asymptomatic
✔✔Angular Cheilitis Candidiasis - ✔✔*redness/ fissuring labial commissure
*nutritional deficiency? (insufficient riboflavin: B2)
,* accompanies intra oral candidiasis
*lip licker
✔✔Median Rhomboid Glossitis Candidiasis - ✔✔*relation w/ MRG & candidiasis
*erythematous area @ midline of dorsum tongue
*asymptomatic
*immunocompromised patients
✔✔Leukoedema appearance - ✔✔*White lesion
*benign
*gray-white film on buccal mucosa: opaque look
*STRETCHES mucosa makes opalescence less noticeable
✔✔Leukoedema seen in what population? - ✔✔African American
✔✔Leukoedema treatment - ✔✔*no treatment required: CLINICAL APPEARANCE is
important
✔✔Linea Alba - ✔✔*white lesion: hyperkeratotic
*"white line"
✔✔Linea Alba location - ✔✔*antero-posteriorly on buccal mucosa along occlusal plane
*could be bilateral
✔✔Linea Alba seen with patients that? - ✔✔brux/clench
✔✔Leukoplakia Appearance - ✔✔*white patch/ plaque that CAN'T be wiped off
*can't be characterized clinically as any other disease
*microscopically can range from hyperkeratosis-squamous cell carcinoma
✔✔Leukoplakia cause - ✔✔*related to tobacco
✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia Appearance - ✔✔*white patch seen on lateral borders of tongue
✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia cause - ✔✔*Epstein-Barr virus in association w/ HIV
*Low CD4 counts
-Could be first oral manifestation of HIV disease
✔✔Hairy Leukoplakia treatment - ✔✔Benign lesion
No treatment
✔✔Melanotic Macule - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*oral freckle, oral focal melanosis, oral ephelis
, ✔✔Melanotic Macule appearance - ✔✔*Flat, brown lesion
*not dependent on sun exposure
✔✔Melanotic Macule location - ✔✔*lower lip: also intra oral
✔✔Melanotic Macule treatment - ✔✔no treatment
*monitor size/changes
✔✔Amalgam Tattoo - ✔✔*MOST COMMON PIGMENTED LESION
*focal argyrosis
✔✔Amalgam Tattoo cause - ✔✔*amalgam particles in soft tissue: refer to xrays
✔✔Fordyce's Granules - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*intra oral SEBACEOUS (oil) GLANDS
*Seen in over 80% of population
✔✔Fordyce's Granules appearance - ✔✔*small yellow nodules on buccal mucosa,
vermillion, after puberty
✔✔Varicosities - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*dilated superficial veins
✔✔Varicosities location - ✔✔ventral tongue
✔✔Addison's Disease what is it? - ✔✔*primary adrenal cortical insufficiency
*insufficient production of adrenal steroids due to destruction of adrenal gland
✔✔Addison's Disease - ✔✔*pigmented lesion
*Stimulation of melanocytes leads to diffuse pigmentation of the skin
✔✔Addison's Disease appearance - ✔✔*melanotic macules on buccal mucosa, gingiva,
possibly tongue, lips
*Petechiae on palate
*Bronzing/ tinted skin
✔✔Irritation/ Traumatic Fibroma - ✔✔*CT lesions
*MOST COMMON TUMOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY
*persistant exophytic lesion
*composed of dense, scar-like CT
*reactive hyperplasia of fibrous CT in response to irritation or trauma
*PAINLESS
✔✔Irritation/ Traumatic Fibroma cause - ✔✔chronic trauma: cheek biting
