Test Bank for Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, 21e Joseph Loscalzo, Anthony Fauci,
Dennis Kasper, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry
Jameson
Part 1: The Profession of Medicine
Chapter 1: The Practice of Medicine
1. What is the primary focus of patient-centered care in contemporary
medicine?
A. The physician’s expertise
B. The patient’s preferences and values
C. Advanced diagnostic technologies
D. Insurance coverage
Answer: B. The patient’s preferences and values
Rationale: Patient-centered care emphasizes understanding and
respecting the patient’s individual preferences, values, and needs, and
involves them in all aspects of their treatment plan.
,2. Which of the following principles is essential in practicing
evidence-based medicine?
A. Reliance on clinical experience alone
B. Prioritizing patient wishes over scientific evidence
C. Using the best available research evidence
D. Avoiding consideration of healthcare costs
Answer: C. Using the best available research evidence
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical expertise with the
best available research evidence and patient values to guide clinical
decision-making.
3. A 60-year-old woman presents with chronic back pain. After
reviewing her imaging results, the clinician suggests a patient-
centered care approach. What does patient-centered care prioritize?
A. Clinician’s diagnosis
B. Medical costs
C. Patient’s preferences and involvement in decision-making
D. Strict adherence to clinical guidelines
Answer: C. Patient’s preferences and involvement in decision-making
Rationale: Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of
understanding the patient’s individual preferences and involving them in the
decision-making process.
4. Which of the following is NOT a core principle of patient-centered
care?
,A. Respect for the patient’s values
B. Making decisions without consulting the patient
C. Providing clear communication
D. Emotional support
Answer: B. Making decisions without consulting the patient
Rationale: A core principle of patient-centered care is to involve the patient
in decision-making and respect their values and preferences.
5. A physician is considering two different treatment plans for a
patient with heart failure. Both treatments have similar efficacy, but
one is more expensive. How should the physician decide?
A. Choose the most expensive treatment
B. Choose based on the physician’s preference
C. Avoid discussing the costs with the patient
D. Include the patient in the decision and discuss the costs
Answer: D. Include the patient in the decision and discuss the costs
Rationale: Patient-centered care involves discussing the treatment
options, including the financial aspects, and allowing the patient to
participate in the decision.
6. Which of the following best defines evidence-based medicine?
A. Treating all patients the same way
B. Using the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences
, C. Relying on clinical trials exclusively
D. Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: B. Using the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine combines clinical expertise, the best
available research, and consideration of patient values.
7. A 40-year-old patient is hesitant to take the recommended
treatment for diabetes due to fear of side effects. What is the best
approach to promote shared decision-making?
A. Ignore the patient's concerns
B. Provide the patient with clear information about risks and benefits
C. Prescribe the medication without further discussion
D. Reassure the patient without any explanation
Answer: B. Provide the patient with clear information about risks and
benefits
Rationale: Shared decision-making involves informing the patient about
risks, benefits, and alternatives, ensuring they have the information to
make an informed choice.
8. Which of the following is an advantage of using clinical decision
support systems (CDSS) in medicine?
A. Reduces diagnostic errors
B. Replaces clinician judgment
Medicine, 21e Joseph Loscalzo, Anthony Fauci,
Dennis Kasper, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry
Jameson
Part 1: The Profession of Medicine
Chapter 1: The Practice of Medicine
1. What is the primary focus of patient-centered care in contemporary
medicine?
A. The physician’s expertise
B. The patient’s preferences and values
C. Advanced diagnostic technologies
D. Insurance coverage
Answer: B. The patient’s preferences and values
Rationale: Patient-centered care emphasizes understanding and
respecting the patient’s individual preferences, values, and needs, and
involves them in all aspects of their treatment plan.
,2. Which of the following principles is essential in practicing
evidence-based medicine?
A. Reliance on clinical experience alone
B. Prioritizing patient wishes over scientific evidence
C. Using the best available research evidence
D. Avoiding consideration of healthcare costs
Answer: C. Using the best available research evidence
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical expertise with the
best available research evidence and patient values to guide clinical
decision-making.
3. A 60-year-old woman presents with chronic back pain. After
reviewing her imaging results, the clinician suggests a patient-
centered care approach. What does patient-centered care prioritize?
A. Clinician’s diagnosis
B. Medical costs
C. Patient’s preferences and involvement in decision-making
D. Strict adherence to clinical guidelines
Answer: C. Patient’s preferences and involvement in decision-making
Rationale: Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of
understanding the patient’s individual preferences and involving them in the
decision-making process.
4. Which of the following is NOT a core principle of patient-centered
care?
,A. Respect for the patient’s values
B. Making decisions without consulting the patient
C. Providing clear communication
D. Emotional support
Answer: B. Making decisions without consulting the patient
Rationale: A core principle of patient-centered care is to involve the patient
in decision-making and respect their values and preferences.
5. A physician is considering two different treatment plans for a
patient with heart failure. Both treatments have similar efficacy, but
one is more expensive. How should the physician decide?
A. Choose the most expensive treatment
B. Choose based on the physician’s preference
C. Avoid discussing the costs with the patient
D. Include the patient in the decision and discuss the costs
Answer: D. Include the patient in the decision and discuss the costs
Rationale: Patient-centered care involves discussing the treatment
options, including the financial aspects, and allowing the patient to
participate in the decision.
6. Which of the following best defines evidence-based medicine?
A. Treating all patients the same way
B. Using the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences
, C. Relying on clinical trials exclusively
D. Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: B. Using the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine combines clinical expertise, the best
available research, and consideration of patient values.
7. A 40-year-old patient is hesitant to take the recommended
treatment for diabetes due to fear of side effects. What is the best
approach to promote shared decision-making?
A. Ignore the patient's concerns
B. Provide the patient with clear information about risks and benefits
C. Prescribe the medication without further discussion
D. Reassure the patient without any explanation
Answer: B. Provide the patient with clear information about risks and
benefits
Rationale: Shared decision-making involves informing the patient about
risks, benefits, and alternatives, ensuring they have the information to
make an informed choice.
8. Which of the following is an advantage of using clinical decision
support systems (CDSS) in medicine?
A. Reduces diagnostic errors
B. Replaces clinician judgment
