NURS 640 EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Hematuria
work up: infection/anticoagulation
Urinary stone disease
most common Ca
s/s: hematuria/ severe colic, acute flank pain, N&V
Testing: Ultrasound or spiral non contract CT.
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
noncancerous enlargement of the prostate
s/s hesitancy
DRE (digital rectal exam): enlarged prostate.
Med: alpha blockers
procedures: TURP
Acute Urinary retention
cause: BPH or medication
S/S: lower abdomen/ suprapubic discomfort.
urine output less than 300cc
Admit for urosepsis, malignancy, acute myelopathy, acute renal failure.
400cc leave cath in place
Most common UTI organism
, e. coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella, staphylococci, candida
Urine Dipstick
Screening test for infection with some
limitations in diagnostic value
- Best paired with clinical history / findings
- Negative findings does not necessarily rule out
infection in symptomatic patient
- Lower detection of infection for some parameters
• Key Findings
- Leukocyte esterase (presence)
- Nitrates (presence)
- Blood (≥ 1+)
- Protein (≥ 3+)
Urine Microscopy (UA)
Key findings
• Pyuria
- WBCs or pus
- Cloudy urine is not necessarily pyuria
- Supports diagnosis of UTI but can have other causes and negative
results do not rule out trial of empiric antibiotics in clinically likely UTI
• WBCs
- > 5 WBCs per HPF suggests infection
ANSWERS
Hematuria
work up: infection/anticoagulation
Urinary stone disease
most common Ca
s/s: hematuria/ severe colic, acute flank pain, N&V
Testing: Ultrasound or spiral non contract CT.
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
noncancerous enlargement of the prostate
s/s hesitancy
DRE (digital rectal exam): enlarged prostate.
Med: alpha blockers
procedures: TURP
Acute Urinary retention
cause: BPH or medication
S/S: lower abdomen/ suprapubic discomfort.
urine output less than 300cc
Admit for urosepsis, malignancy, acute myelopathy, acute renal failure.
400cc leave cath in place
Most common UTI organism
, e. coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella, staphylococci, candida
Urine Dipstick
Screening test for infection with some
limitations in diagnostic value
- Best paired with clinical history / findings
- Negative findings does not necessarily rule out
infection in symptomatic patient
- Lower detection of infection for some parameters
• Key Findings
- Leukocyte esterase (presence)
- Nitrates (presence)
- Blood (≥ 1+)
- Protein (≥ 3+)
Urine Microscopy (UA)
Key findings
• Pyuria
- WBCs or pus
- Cloudy urine is not necessarily pyuria
- Supports diagnosis of UTI but can have other causes and negative
results do not rule out trial of empiric antibiotics in clinically likely UTI
• WBCs
- > 5 WBCs per HPF suggests infection
